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El origen cortical del dolor patológico es de origen cortical
1Department of Physiology, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand. john.harris@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
Lancet (London, England)
|October 30, 1999
Resumen
El dolor de extremidad fantasma y las lesiones por esfuerzo repetitivo pueden provenir del cerebro.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Investigaciones sobre el dolor.
- El control del motor es el control del motor.
Sus antecedentes:
- El dolor sin daño tisular aparente, como el dolor de extremidad fantasma, es un rompecabezas médico de larga data.
- Descubrimientos recientes ponen de relieve la actividad cerebral relacionada con los desajustes en las señales sensoriales y motoras.
- Enfermedades como las lesiones por esfuerzo repetitivo y las distonías focales de las manos implican cambios en la corteza sensoriomotora del cerebro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar los mecanismos neuronales subyacentes a la percepción del dolor en ausencia de una lesión tisular directa.
- Para investigar el papel de la corteza sensorimotora y la representación propioceptiva en el dolor patológico.
- Para trazar paralelismos entre los diferentes tipos de dolor y las condiciones de desajuste sensorial.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de recientes hallazgos neurocientíficos sobre la actividad cortical.
- Análisis de las condiciones que involucran la plasticidad y el dolor de la corteza sensorimotora.
- Comparación de los mecanismos del dolor con los fenómenos de conflicto sensorial como el mareo por movimiento.
Principales resultados:
- Una región cortical específica se activa por incongruencia entre la intención motora, la conciencia del movimiento y la retroalimentación visual.
- Los cambios plásticos en la corteza sensorimotora están asociados con la sensación de extremidad fantasma y las lesiones por esfuerzo repetitivo.
- La representación cortical propioceptiva desorganizada puede conducir a dolor patológico al señalar falsas desajustes motorosensoriales.
Conclusiones:
- El dolor patológico, incluido el dolor de extremidad fantasma y las lesiones por esfuerzo repetitivo, puede originarse en el procesamiento cortical desorganizado de la información sensorial.
- La incongruencia en la retroalimentación sensorial, particularmente dentro del sistema sensorimotor, es un factor clave en la generación de dolor.
- La comprensión de estos mecanismos cerebrales podría ofrecer nuevas vías para el tratamiento de las condiciones de dolor sin patología del tejido claro.
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