Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jul 22, 2026

11:59
High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
Published on: June 24, 2013
Estructura compleja de velocidad de onda de cizallamiento fotografiada debajo de África e Islandia
Ritsema1, van Heijst HJ, Woodhouse
1Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PR, UK.
Resumen
Un modelo del manto revela una profunda anomalía térmica debajo de África, que vincula el vulcanismo del Rift de África Oriental con el límite núcleo-manto. Islandia Islandia Islandia Islandia es el nombre de un país.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
- Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender la dinámica del manto es crucial para explicar las características geológicas de la superficie.
- Los modelos anteriores no han capturado completamente la extensión de las estructuras del manto profundo que influyen en el vulcanismo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para modelar las variaciones tridimensionales de la velocidad de la onda de cizallamiento en el manto de la Tierra.
- Investigar los orígenes del manto profundo del volcanismo basáltico de inundación del Cenozoico y el rifting activo en África Oriental.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrolló un modelo tridimensional de velocidad de onda de corte del manto.
- Analizó la propagación de las ondas sísmicas para inferir la estructura del manto y las anomalías térmicas.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó una anomalía de baja velocidad inclinada que se extiende desde el límite núcleo-manto (CMB) debajo del Atlántico suroriental hasta el manto superior debajo del este de África.
- Esta extensa anomalía sugiere un vínculo entre el vulcanismo de Afar, el Rift de África Oriental y una distante anomalía térmica del CMB.
- Se descubrió que una distinta anomalía de baja velocidad debajo de Islandia estaba confinada al manto superior.
Conclusiones:
- El vulcanismo basáltico de las inundaciones cenozoicas y el rifting activo en el Rift de África Oriental son probablemente impulsados por una profunda anomalía térmica en el CMB.
- Los hallazgos destacan la influencia significativa de las estructuras del manto profundo en el rifting continental y el vulcanismo.
- El vulcanismo islandés parece tener un origen más bajo y distinto en comparación con el vulcanismo del este de África.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
Distribution of Molecular Speeds
The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
Isochoric and Isobaric Processes
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant volume is called an isochoric process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, heat supplied or removed from the system is partially utilized to perform work and change the internal energy of the system. However, in an isochoric process, the volume remains constant. Hence, the work done by the system is zero. Therefore, the exchange of heat changes the internal energy of the system only.
Suppose 1000 g of water is heated from 40 degrees...
Suppose 1000 g of water is heated from 40 degrees...
Shear Diagram
In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
First, a free-body diagram of the beam is drawn, representing all the external forces and internal reactions acting on the beam. One can calculate the reaction forces at each support by employing the equilibrium equations of force and moment. The vertical component...
First, a free-body diagram of the beam is drawn, representing all the external forces and internal reactions acting on the beam. One can calculate the reaction forces at each support by employing the equilibrium equations of force and moment. The vertical component...
Rapidly Varying Flow
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
Polar Curves
The spirograph is a versatile tool for visualizing the relationship between geometry and mathematical representation. In particular, it demonstrates how polar coordinates offer an alternative framework for describing curves in comparison to Cartesian coordinates. Instead of specifying a point by its horizontal and vertical displacements (x, y), polar coordinates use a radius r, the distance from the origin, and an angle θ, measured counterclockwise from the polar axis. This system is...

