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Enfermedad psiquiátrica y factores de riesgo para el suicidio en Dinamarca
P B Mortensen1, E Agerbo, T Erikson
1Department of Psychiatric Demography, Institute of Basic Psychiatric Research, Psychiatric Hospital in Aarhus, University Hospital in Aarhus, Denmark. pbm@psykiatri.aaa.dk
Lancet (London, England)
|January 1, 2000
Resumen
La enfermedad mental que requiere ingreso hospitalario es el factor de riesgo de suicidio más fuerte. La prevención dirigida a estos pacientes y la mejora de la atención general de salud mental pueden reducir las tasas de suicidio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- La psiquiatría es la psiquiatría.
Sus antecedentes:
- El suicidio es una preocupación significativa para la salud pública con múltiples factores de riesgo identificados.
- Estudios previos han explorado los factores socioeconómicos y la historia de la enfermedad mental como predictores del suicidio.
- Comprender los riesgos relativos y atribuibles a la población es crucial para las estrategias de prevención efectivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar los riesgos relativos y atribuibles a la población de suicidio.
- Investigar la asociación entre los factores socioeconómicos y la enfermedad mental hospitalizada previa con riesgo de suicidio.
- Informar el desarrollo de estrategias específicas de prevención del suicidio.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles anidados basado en la población utilizando datos de registros daneses.
- Se analizó una muestra aleatoria del 5% de la población danesa (de 16 a 78 años) de 1980 a 1994.
- Se empleó regresión logística condicional para el análisis estadístico.
Principales resultados:
- La enfermedad mental que requiere ingreso hospitalario fue el predictor más fuerte de suicidio, con riesgos significativamente elevados durante el ingreso y el año posterior al alta.
- Los factores socioeconómicos como el desempleo y la soltería se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de suicidio, pero su impacto disminuyó después de ajustar el historial de enfermedades mentales.
- Los riesgos atribuibles a la población fueron más altos para la enfermedad mental (44,6%), seguidos por ser soltero (10,3%) y el desempleo (3,0%).
Conclusiones:
- Los esfuerzos de prevención del suicidio deben dar prioridad a las personas ingresadas en hospitales por trastornos mentales.
- Mejorar la detección y el tratamiento de los trastornos mentales en la población general es una estrategia clave para reducir el suicidio.
- La influencia de los factores de riesgo socioeconómicos en el suicidio puede ser sobreestimada si no se ajusta a las condiciones de salud mental subyacentes.
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