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Antecedentes de sarampión y enfermedades atópicas: un estudio transversal basado en la población
M Paunio1, O P Heinonen, M Virtanen
1Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland. mikko.paunio@stm.vn.fi
JAMA
|January 27, 2000
Resumen
La infección natural por sarampión está relacionada con un mayor riesgo de enfermedades atópicas como eczema, rinitis y asma. Este estudio no encontró evidencia de que el sarampión proteja contra estas afecciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los estudios transversales sugieren que la exposición reducida a enfermedades transmisibles, incluido el sarampión, se correlaciona con el aumento de las tasas de enfermedades atópicas en los países ricos.
- La hipótesis de la higiene propone que la exposición temprana a los patógenos puede proteger contra las condiciones alérgicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la infección natural por sarampión y la prevalencia de enfermedades atópicas.
- Para determinar si la infección natural por sarampión ofrece protección contra la atopia.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal a nivel nacional en Finlandia (1982-1986) analizó datos de 547.910 personas de entre 14 meses y 19 años.
- Los datos sobre la incidencia del sarampión y las manifestaciones atópicas (eczema, rinitis, asma) se recopilaron en el momento de la vacunación contra el sarampión, paperas y rubéola (MMR).
- Se calcularon los ratios de prevalencia para comparar las tasas de atopia en individuos con y sin antecedentes de sarampión.
Principales resultados:
- Las personas con antecedentes de sarampión mostraron ratios de prevalencia ajustados por edad significativamente más altos para las enfermedades atópicas.
- Las proporciones de prevalencia fueron de 1,32 para el eczema, 1,41 para la rinitis y 1,67 para el asma.
- Esta asociación fue consistente en todas las edades, entornos urbanos / rurales y diferentes niveles de contacto social.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos indican una asociación positiva entre la infección por sarampión y la atopia.
- Los resultados no apoyan la hipótesis de que la infección natural por sarampión proporciona protección contra la enfermedad atópica.
- El sarampión y la atopia parecen coexistir con más frecuencia de lo esperado.
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