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Impacto de las infecciones por virus respiratorios en personas con enfermedades crónicas subyacentes

W P Glezen¹, S B Greenberg, R L Atmar

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex 77030, USA. wglezen@bcm.tmc.edu

|February 5, 2000

Resumen

Las infecciones por virus respiratorios con frecuencia hospitalizan a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. La gripe, la parainfluenza y el virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR) son culpables comunes, lo que enfatiza la necesidad de nuevas vacunas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
Pulmonología Pulmonología.
Epidemiología La epidemiología.

Sus antecedentes:

Las hospitalizaciones por infecciones agudas del tracto respiratorio inferior han aumentado desde 1980.
Comprender las causas de la infección es crucial para prevenir las afecciones respiratorias en pacientes vulnerables.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para determinar la frecuencia de infecciones por virus específicos que conducen a la hospitalización en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas.
Para analizar las etiologías virales de las afecciones respiratorias agudas.

Principales métodos:

Se analizó la etiología viral en 1.029 pacientes hospitalizados con afecciones respiratorias agudas (julio de 1991 a junio de 1995).
Utilizó cultivos de virus, detección de antígenos y aumento de anticuerpos para el diagnóstico.
Comparación de las tasas de hospitalización basadas en el estado de ingresos.

Principales resultados:

Se detectaron infecciones por virus respiratorios en el 44,9% de los pacientes con muestras disponibles.
La influenza, la parainfluenza y el virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR) representaron el 75% de las infecciones virales detectadas.
Los pacientes de bajos ingresos con enfermedad pulmonar crónica tenían tasas de hospitalización 8 veces más altas que los pacientes de ingresos medios.

Conclusiones:

Las infecciones por virus respiratorios son desencadenantes comunes de afecciones respiratorias agudas graves que requieren hospitalización en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas.
Destaca la necesidad urgente de vacunas efectivas contra estos virus, en particular la parainfluenza y el VSR.

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