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Presión arterial sistólica y mortalidad
1Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles 90025, USA. sport@ucla.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|February 16, 2000
Resumen
El riesgo de presión arterial sistólica no está aumentando estrictamente; existe un umbral. Las directrices actuales de hipertensión pueden clasificar erróneamente el riesgo para muchos adultos en función de la edad y el sexo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología Cardiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- La bioestadística es la bioestadística.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las directrices actuales de hipertensión usan un umbral de presión arterial sistólica de 140 mm Hg para todos los adultos.
- Las recomendaciones de la OMS y la Sociedad Internacional de Hipertensión sugieren presiones normales más bajas (130 mm Hg) y óptimas (120 mm Hg).
- Estas directrices asumen una relación estrictamente creciente entre la presión arterial sistólica y la mortalidad, en gran parte basada en el estudio Framingham.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Reevaluar los datos del estudio Framingham para determinar si el riesgo cardiovascular y de mortalidad general depende estrictamente de la presión arterial sistólica o si existe un umbral.
- Desafiar el supuesto de un modelo lineal de riesgo creciente para la presión arterial sistólica y la mortalidad.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó splines logísticas para modelar la relación entre la presión arterial sistólica y el riesgo de mortalidad (cardiovascular y de todas las causas).
- Tasa de empleados por edad y sexo.
- Probado para la independencia de los parámetros de pendiente de la edad y el sexo, empleando un modelo reducido con pendientes comunes para un modelo logístico no convencional.
Principales resultados:
- Los datos de Framingham rechazaron el modelo logístico lineal convencional.
- Ni la mortalidad por todas las causas ni la cardiovascular mostraron una dependencia estrictamente creciente de la presión arterial sistólica.
- El riesgo era independiente de la presión arterial sistólica por debajo de un umbral específico dependiente de la edad y el sexo (alrededor del percentil 70), aumentando bruscamente por encima del percentil 80.
Conclusiones:
- Los datos de Framingham contradicen la noción de que una presión arterial sistólica más baja implica universalmente un menor riesgo.
- El límite de 140 mm Hg de hipertensión no es universalmente aplicable debido a los umbrales de riesgo dependientes de la edad y el sexo.
- Una parte significativa de la población que actualmente se considera en mayor riesgo puede no serlo, según estos hallazgos.
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