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Prueba experimental de no localidad cuántica en el entrelazamiento de tres fotones Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger
1Institut fur Experimentalphysik, Universitat Wien, Austria.
Nature
|February 17, 2000
Resumen
La física cuántica desafía el realismo local. Los experimentos con el entrelazamiento de tres fotones confirman las predicciones cuánticas, contradiciendo las expectativas realistas locales para las correlaciones de partículas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La física cuántica es la física cuántica.
- La información cuántica es la información cuántica.
- Los fundamentos de la física.
Sus antecedentes:
- El teorema de Bell destaca las correlaciones cuánticas incompatibles con el realismo local.
- El entrelazamiento cuántico, reconocido por Einstein, Podolsky y Rosen, tiene un fuerte apoyo experimental.
- La verificación experimental previa de conflictos más fuertes requería el entrelazamiento de múltiples partículas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Confirmar experimentalmente el conflicto entre la mecánica cuántica y el realismo local.
- Para verificar las predicciones para el entrelazamiento de tres partículas, específicamente los estados de Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ).
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de un nuevo método para observar el entrelazamiento de tres fotones.
- La realización de tres experimentos para medir las correlaciones de polarización entre tres fotones.
- El uso de estos resultados para predecir los resultados de un cuarto experimento.
Principales resultados:
- Confirmación experimental del entrelazamiento de tres fotones (estados GHZ).
- Las correlaciones de polarización observadas se alinean con las predicciones de la mecánica cuántica.
- Los resultados muestran un sorprendente conflicto con las predicciones basadas en el realismo local.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio proporciona evidencia experimental que apoya la mecánica cuántica sobre el realismo local.
- Demuestra la viabilidad de observar y utilizar el entrelazamiento de partículas múltiples.
- Destaca la naturaleza fundamental de las correlaciones cuánticas y sus implicaciones para la realidad.
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