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Evidencia para estabilizar la selección en un elemento potenciador eucariótico
M Z Ludwig1, C Bergman, N H Patel
1Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. mludwig@midway.uchicago.edu
Nature
|February 17, 2000
Resumen
Los cambios evolutivos en los elementos reguladores de genes como los potenciadores pueden tener consecuencias funcionales. Este estudio muestra que las diferencias de secuencia en los potenciadores de Drosophila están enmascaradas por cambios coevolucionados, que impactan en los patrones de expresión génica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- Genética evolutiva de la genética evolutiva.
- Biología molecular La biología molecular.
Sus antecedentes:
- La expresión génica eucariota se basa en módulos cis-reguladores (potenciadores) unidos por factores de transcripción.
- El elemento de la franja 2 de salto par en Drosophila melanogaster es un potenciador bien estudiado que controla patrones específicos de expresión génica.
- A pesar de la expresión conservada, las secuencias de potenciadores evolucionan, presentando una paradoja evolutiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el impacto funcional de la divergencia de secuencia dentro del potenciador de banda 2 de salto par.
- Para entender cómo los cambios evolutivos en los potenciadores afectan la regulación génica.
- Proponer un modelo para la evolución de las secuencias reguladoras de los eucariotas.
Principales métodos:
- Construcción de potenciadores quiméricos mediante el intercambio de mitades de elementos nativos de la franja 2 de diferentes especies.
- Evaluación de la expresión génica reportera impulsada por estos potenciadores quiméricos en embriones de Drosophila.
- Análisis comparativo de secuencias de elementos potenciadores entre especies.
Principales resultados:
- Los potenciadores quiméricos, formados por la combinación de mitades de diferentes especies, no lograron impulsar la expresión génica del reportero en el patrón de tipo salvaje.
- Las diferencias de secuencia entre los potenciadores de especies tienen consecuencias funcionales en la expresión génica.
- Estas consecuencias funcionales parecen enmascaradas por otras modificaciones de la secuencia co-evolucionadas.
Conclusiones:
- Los cambios evolutivos en las secuencias de potenciadores tienen impactos funcionales en la regulación génica.
- Los procesos coevolucionarios pueden enmascarar los efectos funcionales de las variaciones individuales de la secuencia.
- Se propone un modelo para la evolución de las secuencias reguladoras eucariotas basado en estos hallazgos.
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