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Los puntos calientes de biodiversidad para las prioridades de conservación.

N Myers1, R A Mittermeier, C G Mittermeier

  • 1Green College, Oxford University, Headington, UK. myers1n@aol.com

Nature
|March 8, 2000
PubMed
Resumen

La financiación limitada desafía los esfuerzos de conservación. La identificación de puntos calientes de biodiversidad, áreas con altas concentraciones de especies endémicas que se enfrentan a la pérdida de hábitat, ofrece una estrategia de conservación rentable.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología Ecología Ecología.
  • Biología de la Conservación Biología de la Conservación.
  • La biogeografía es la biogeografía.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los esfuerzos de conservación están limitados por la financiación limitada, lo que requiere una priorización estratégica.
  • La identificación de áreas con alta concentración de especies y pérdida de hábitat es crucial para una asignación eficiente de recursos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proponer una estrategia de conservación rentable mediante la identificación de puntos calientes de la biodiversidad.
  • Determinar la proporción de especies endémicas concentradas en áreas específicas de alto riesgo.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de datos de distribución de especies para plantas vasculares y cuatro grupos de vertebrados.
  • Identificación de "puntos calientes de biodiversidad" basados en altas concentraciones de especies endémicas y pérdida de hábitat.
  • Cálculo de la superficie terrestre ocupada por estos puntos calientes.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron 25 puntos calientes de biodiversidad, que cubren solo el 1,4% de la superficie terrestre de la Tierra.
  • Estos puntos calientes contienen el 44% de todas las especies de plantas vasculares y el 35% de todas las especies en cuatro grupos de vertebrados.
  • Una proporción significativa de la biodiversidad mundial se concentra en una pequeña área geográfica.

Conclusiones:

  • Los hotspots de biodiversidad representan un foco crítico para la planificación de la conservación debido a su alta concentración de especies y nivel de amenaza.
  • Una estrategia de conservación de "bala de plata" dirigida a estos puntos calientes puede maximizar la protección de las especies por costo unitario.
  • Dar prioridad a estas áreas permite una asignación eficiente de los limitados recursos de conservación para proteger a las especies más en riesgo.