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Una explicación termodinámica para las temperaturas del fumador negro
1Institute of Theoretical Geophysics, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK. tim@itg.cam.ac.uk
Nature
|March 8, 2000
Resumen
Las propiedades termodinámicas no lineales del agua crean naturalmente columnas de 400 ° C de fuentes de calor del fondo marino más calientes. Esto explica las temperaturas del humo negro y predice condiciones de ventilación estables durante el enfriamiento del magma.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- Sistemas Hidrotermales Los sistemas hidrotermales son sistemas
- La dinámica de fluidos es la dinámica de fluidos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las temperaturas de los efluentes del fumador negro (350°C-400°C) son significativamente más bajas que las de la fuente de magma solidificante de ~1,200°C.
- Se ha planteado la hipótesis de que las propiedades termodinámicas no lineales del agua explican esta discrepancia de temperatura.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un modelo físico que explique la diferencia de temperatura entre el efluente de fumador negro y el magma.
- Investigar el papel de las propiedades termodinámicas del agua en los sistemas hidrotermales del fondo marino.
Principales métodos:
- Examinó la estructura de temperatura interna de las células de convección en un medio poroso.
- Desarrolló un modelo analítico basado en las propiedades termodinámicas del agua.
- Utilizó simulaciones numéricas para ilustrar el fenómeno.
Principales resultados:
- Demostró la formación natural de columnas de agua pura a ~ 400 ° C de fuentes de calor > 500 ° C bajo presiones de la corteza del fondo marino.
- Se identificó que las temperaturas más altas se limitan a una capa límite horizontal en la base de la célula de convección.
- El modelo explica analíticamente la regulación de la temperatura basada en las propiedades termodinámicas del agua.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio proporciona una explicación física para la diferencia de temperatura observada en los sistemas de fumadores negros.
- El modelo predice la existencia de "zonas de reacción" de alta temperatura en los ophiolitos.
- Se predice que las temperaturas de ventilación se mantendrán estables a medida que las cámaras de magma se enfríen y se solidifiquen.
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