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The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...
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Una serpiente fósil con extremidades.

E Tchernov1, O Rieppel, H Zaher

  • 1Department of Evolution, Systematics, and Ecology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Berman-Lubin Buildings, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 17, 2000
PubMed
Resumen

Las extremidades traseras de serpientes fósiles descubiertas en el Medio Oriente revelan un desarrollo extremo, desafiando las nociones anteriores de la evolución y las relaciones tempranas de las serpientes. Este hallazgo coloca a estas antiguas serpientes más cerca de los grupos modernos avanzados.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Paleontología Paleontología.
  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
  • Zoología de los vertebrados Zoología de los vertebrados.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las serpientes fósiles con extremidades posteriores proporcionan información crucial sobre la evolución temprana de las serpientes.
  • Descubrimientos anteriores como el de Pachyrhachis han ofrecido vislumbres de la ascendencia de las serpientes.
  • Comprender la ubicación filogenética de las serpientes fósiles es clave para reconstruir su historia evolutiva.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para describir una nueva serpiente fósil de 95 millones de años del Medio Oriente con extremidades posteriores excepcionalmente desarrolladas.
  • Para analizar las relaciones filogenéticas de este nuevo fósil y el Pachyrhachis.
  • Para aclarar la posición evolutiva de estas serpientes de extremidades traseras dentro de la filogenia más amplia de la serpiente.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis morfológico detallado de la serpiente fósil, incluidos sus elementos esqueléticos de las extremidades posteriores (tibia, fíbula, tarsales, metatarsales, falanges).
  • Análisis filogenético que incorpora el nuevo taxón y los datos reexaminados de Pachyrhachis.
  • Anatomía comparada con grupos de serpientes existentes y extintas.

Principales resultados:

  • El nuevo fósil exhibe el desarrollo más completo y extremo de las extremidades posteriores documentado en serpientes fósiles.
  • Los análisis filogenéticos indican que tanto el nuevo fósil como el Pachyrhachis están estrechamente relacionados con los macrostomatas (serpientes avanzadas).
  • Esta ubicación los excluye de linajes de serpientes más primitivos como las serpientes ciegas y las serpientes de tubería.

Conclusiones:

  • El descubrimiento de esta serpiente fósil con desarrollo avanzado de las extremidades posteriores proporciona una nueva evidencia significativa para la evolución de la serpiente.
  • Estos hallazgos sugieren que las serpientes de extremidades posteriores eran parte del linaje que conduce a las serpientes avanzadas modernas, no formas basales.
  • El estudio refina nuestra comprensión de los macrostomatas y la diversificación temprana de las serpientes.