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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Plant Organellar DNA Enrichment Methods Suitable for Next-generation Sequencing
12:33

Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Plant Organellar DNA Enrichment Methods Suitable for Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: July 28, 2017

Genómica comparativa de los eucariotas

G M Rubin1, M D Yandell, J R Wortman

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 24, 2000
PubMed
Resumen

El análisis genómico de moscas de la fruta, gusanos y levaduras revela complejas familias de genes y vías de señalización en moscas y gusanos. Las moscas de la fruta comparten muchos genes con los humanos, lo que ayuda a la investigación de enfermedades.

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Nuclei Isolation from Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Epigenome and Gene Expression Profiling at Single-Cell Resolution
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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Plant Organellar DNA Enrichment Methods Suitable for Next-generation Sequencing
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Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Plant Organellar DNA Enrichment Methods Suitable for Next-generation Sequencing

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genómica comparada es una genómica comparada.
  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
  • Biología molecular La biología molecular.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La comprensión de los procesos biológicos fundamentales requiere un análisis genómico comparativo entre diversas especies.
  • Los organismos modelo como Drosophila melanogaster (mosca de la fruta), Caenorhabditis elegans (gusanos) y Saccharomyces cerevisiae (levadura) ofrecen una visión de los mecanismos biológicos conservados y divergentes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para analizar comparativamente los genomas y los proteomas previstos de moscas de la fruta, gusanos y levaduras.
  • Para contextualizar estos hallazgos dentro de los procesos celulares, de desarrollo y evolutivos.
  • Para evaluar la relevancia de los genes de la mosca de la fruta para las enfermedades humanas.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis comparativo de todo el genoma de conjuntos de proteínas no redundantes.
  • Identificación y comparación de familias de genes y dominios de proteínas.
  • Identificación ortólogo entre organismos modelo y genes de enfermedades humanas.

Principales resultados:

  • Los conjuntos de proteínas no redundantes de las moscas de la fruta y los gusanos son similares en tamaño, aproximadamente el doble de la levadura.
  • Distintas familias de genes se expanden en los genomas de moscas de la fruta y gusanos.
  • Las moscas de la fruta y los gusanos exhiben proteínas multidominio más complejas y vías de señalización que la levadura.
  • Las moscas de la fruta poseen ortólogos a 177 de los 289 genes examinados de enfermedades humanas.

Conclusiones:

  • La genómica comparativa destaca diferencias significativas en la complejidad genómica y la expansión de la familia génica entre moscas de la fruta, gusanos y levaduras.
  • El genoma de la mosca de la fruta sirve como un modelo valioso para estudiar los procesos básicos subyacentes a las enfermedades humanas debido a la ortología de genes compartidos.