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Respuesta de las células de Schwann a los potenciales de acción en el desarrollo
1Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Building 49, Room 5A38, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 24, 2000
Resumen
La actividad del impulso nervioso en los axones en desarrollo inhibe la proliferación y diferenciación de las células de Schwann (SC). Esta señalización neurono-glial, mediada por el trifosfato de adenosina (ATP), retrasa la maduración y la mielinización del SC hasta que se reciban las señales apropiadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- La señalización celular de las células.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las células de Schwann (SCs) se diferencian y mielinan los axones tardíamente en el desarrollo neuronal.
- La maduración del SC es crítica para los axones sensoriales funcionales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de la actividad del impulso axonal en la regulación de la proliferación y diferenciación de la SC.
- Aclarar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes a la comunicación neurona-SC durante el desarrollo.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió las interacciones neuronas-SC en el desarrollo de modelos del sistema nervioso.
- Se han investigado vías de señalización que involucran el trifosfato de adenosina (ATP), los receptores P2 y las cascadas intracelulares (Ca2+, Ca2+/calmodulina quinasa, MAPK, CREB).
- Expresión evaluada de los marcadores de diferenciación de SC (O4, proteína básica de mielina) y de los factores de transcripción (c-fos, Krox-24).
Principales resultados:
- La actividad del impulso en los axones premeelinados inhibe la proliferación y diferenciación de SC.
- El ATP que actúa a través de los receptores P2 en las SC media esta señalización neuronal-glial inhibidora.
- La señalización de ATP detiene las SCs en un estado inmaduro, impidiendo la mielinización y la expresión de marcadores clave de diferenciación.
Conclusiones:
- La actividad axonal regula activamente la maduración del SC, retrasando la diferenciación.
- Este mecanismo asegura que las SC permanezcan indiferenciadas hasta que las señales apropiadas derivadas de los axones desencadenen la diferenciación terminal y la mielinización.
- La señalización neuronal-glial a través del ATP es crucial para coordinar el desarrollo del sistema nervioso.
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