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Estudio comunitario de personas que viven en la miseria
G Halliday1, S Banerjee, M Philpot
1Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 7, 2001
Resumen
Las personas que viven en la miseria a menudo tienen trastornos mentales o físicos. Este estudio destaca las altas tasas de enfermedades mentales en esta población, lo que sugiere brechas potenciales en el acceso a la atención médica y el tratamiento de afecciones relacionadas con la miseria.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- La psiquiatría es la psiquiatría.
- Gerontología Gerontología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La miseria es un importante problema de salud pública con causas debatidas.
- Las investigaciones anteriores se centraron principalmente en series de casos de servicios de atención médica secundaria.
- Faltaba una investigación sistemática basada en la comunidad sobre la miseria y los trastornos asociados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre la miseria doméstica y los trastornos mentales y físicos en un entorno comunitario.
- Utilizar instrumentos estandarizados para una evaluación más sistemática de la miseria y las condiciones de salud relacionadas.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio transversal con clientes de un servicio especial de limpieza.
- La miseria doméstica y la auto-negligencia se midieron utilizando la Escala de Calificación de las Condiciones de Vida.
- Los trastornos mentales fueron diagnosticados utilizando los Programas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para la Evaluación Clínica en Neuropsiquiatría (SCAN).
Principales resultados:
- 70% de los participantes (n=81) fueron diagnosticados con un trastorno mental.
- El 26% tenía un problema de salud física que contribuía a la condición de su entorno de vida.
- Las personas con trastornos físicos mostraron una miseria menos severa; los mayores de 65 años tenían menos probabilidades de tener trastornos mentales.
Conclusiones:
- Las altas tasas de trastorno mental prevalecen entre las personas que viven en la miseria y que reciben servicios especiales de limpieza.
- La miseria se asocia con trastornos mentales o físicos en diferentes grupos de edad.
- Se indican posibles déficits en la prestación de atención médica y la necesidad de estrategias de tratamiento más asertivas.
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