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Una nueva familia de receptores gustativos de mamíferos
E Adler1, M A Hoon, K L Mueller
1National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Cell
|April 13, 2000
Resumen
Los científicos descubrieron nuevos receptores acoplados a proteínas G (T2R) en mamíferos involucrados en la percepción del gusto. Estos receptores, expresados en las células gustativas, sugieren un mecanismo para reconocer múltiples sabores amargos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Genética La genética.
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- La percepción del gusto es crucial para los mamíferos, ya que implica información sensorial de la lengua y el paladar.
- Los receptores acoplados a proteínas G (GPCR) juegan un papel importante en la señalización sensorial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y caracterizar nuevos receptores involucrados en la percepción del gusto de los mamíferos.
- Para investigar el papel de estos receptores en la señalización del sabor amargo.
Principales métodos:
- Identificación de una nueva familia de receptores acoplados a proteínas G (T2R) en genomas humanos y de roedores.
- Análisis de la organización del gen T2R y el vínculo genético con los lugares de la percepción amarga.
- Examen de la expresión de T2R en las células receptoras del gusto y su co-localización con gustducina.
- Ensayos funcionales in vitro para evaluar el acoplamiento T2R a la gustducina y la respuesta a sabores amargos.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de 40-80 nuevos T2R expresados en subconjuntos de células receptoras del gusto.
- Las T2R se agrupan en el genoma y están vinculadas a los genes de la percepción amarga.
- Las células individuales de los receptores gustativos expresan múltiples T2R, lo que indica un amplio reconocimiento gustativo.
- Los T2R se encuentran exclusivamente en las células que contienen gustducina y funcionan como receptores ligados a la gustducina.
Conclusiones:
- Se ha identificado una nueva familia de T2Rs como receptores gustativos candidatos en mamíferos.
- Es probable que estos T2R participen en la mediación de la percepción del sabor amargo.
- El patrón de expresión sugiere un papel en el reconocimiento de múltiples compuestos amargos.
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