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Un estudio prospectivo de la calidad de la dieta y la mortalidad en las mujeres
A K Kant1, A Schatzkin, B I Graubard
1Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, USA.
JAMA
|May 3, 2000
Resumen
Un patrón dietético saludable, rico en alimentos recomendados como frutas y verduras, está relacionado con un menor riesgo de mortalidad por todas las causas en las mujeres. Este estudio pone de relieve la importancia de la calidad general de la dieta para la longevidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La epidemiología nutricional.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- La medicina preventiva es la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades.
Sus antecedentes:
- La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre la salud de la dieta se centran en nutrientes o alimentos individuales.
- Pocos estudios examinan el impacto de los patrones dietéticos complejos en los resultados de salud.
- Los patrones dietéticos abarcan una mezcla de alimentos y nutrientes que influyen en la salud en general.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre un índice de calidad de la dieta multifactorial y el riesgo de mortalidad.
- Evaluar el impacto de la adherencia a las pautas dietéticas en la mortalidad general.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte prospectivo (Proyecto de demostración de detección de cáncer de mama) con 42.254 mujeres.
- Utilizó cuestionarios de frecuencia de alimentos para evaluar la ingesta dietética.
- Calculó el puntaje de alimentos recomendados (RFS) basado en el consumo de frutas, verduras, granos enteros, lácteos bajos en grasa y carnes magras.
Principales resultados:
- Un total de 2065 muertes ocurrieron durante la mediana de seguimiento de 5,6 años.
- El puntaje de alimentos recomendados (RFS) mostró una asociación inversa con la mortalidad por todas las causas.
- Los cuartiles RFS más altos se asociaron con un riesgo de mortalidad significativamente reducido (por ejemplo, RR 0.69 para el cuartil más alto).
Conclusiones:
- Un patrón dietético que hace hincapié en los alimentos recomendados se asocia con un menor riesgo de mortalidad en las mujeres.
- El cumplimiento de las directrices dietéticas actuales puede contribuir a aumentar la longevidad.
- La calidad de la dieta, como patrón, juega un papel crucial en la salud y la prevención de enfermedades.
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