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Grandes diferencias en el forzamiento de aerosoles tropicales en la parte superior de la atmósfera y la superficie de
1Center for Clouds, Chemistry, and Climate, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
Nature
|May 16, 2000
Resumen
Los aerosoles antropogénicos tienen un impacto significativo en las predicciones climáticas. Este estudio cuantifica el forzamiento de aerosoles tropicales, revelando una triple diferencia entre la superficie y la parte superior de la atmósfera de calentamiento solar radiativo, lo que sugiere impactos potenciales en el ciclo hidrológico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los aerosoles antropogénicos representan una gran incertidumbre en las predicciones del cambio climático.
- Las observaciones directas del forzamiento radiativo de los aerosoles, especialmente en los trópicos, son cruciales pero limitadas.
- Los aerosoles tropicales, originarios del continente del sur de Asia, son poco conocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar y presentar un método observacional para cuantificar el forzamiento radiativo de aerosoles con alta precisión (+/-5%).
- Para medir simultáneamente el forzamiento de aerosoles en la superficie de la Tierra y en la parte superior de la atmósfera.
- Para investigar el impacto de los aerosoles tropicales en el calentamiento solar radiativo sobre el Océano Índico.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó mediciones calibradas de radiación por satélite.
- Empleó cinco radiómetros de superficie independientes para la validación en tierra.
- Calentamiento radiativo solar cuantificado en el cielo despejado en el norte tropical del Océano Índico durante el invierno (1998-1999).
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una disminución significativa en el calentamiento radiativo solar en la superficie del océano (12-30 Wm(-2)).
- Se midió una disminución menor en el calentamiento radiativo solar en la parte superior de la atmósfera (4-10 Wm(-2)).
- Se identificó una triple diferencia entre el forzamiento de la superficie y el de la parte superior de la atmósfera, atribuido principalmente a la absorción de hollín.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio presenta un método preciso para cuantificar el forzamiento de aerosoles.
- El gran forzamiento superficial observado y la diferencia entre el forzamiento superficial y el forzamiento TOA sugieren que los aerosoles tropicales pueden desacelerar el ciclo hidrológico.
- Los hallazgos destacan el importante papel de los aerosoles antropogénicos tropicales en la dinámica climática regional y global.
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