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Relación entre la exposición a endotoxinas del polvo doméstico, el desarrollo de células T tipo 1 y la

J E Gereda¹, D Y Leung, A Thatayatikom

¹Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, National Jewish Medical & Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.

Lancet (London, England)

|July 25, 2000

Resumen

La exposición temprana a la endotoxina en el polvo doméstico puede proteger a los bebés de desarrollar alergias. Los niveles más altos de endotoxinas se relacionaron con una menor sensibilización al alérgeno y un aumento de la inmunidad tipo 1, lo que sugiere un papel protector.

Área de la Ciencia:

Inmunología Inmunología.
Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.

Sus antecedentes:

La endotoxina bacteriana puede inducir el interferón gamma e interleucina 12, reduciendo potencialmente la sensibilización al alérgeno.
El papel de la exposición crónica temprana a endotoxinas en la sensibilización al alérgeno y el desarrollo del asma requiere investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la relación entre la exposición temprana a endotoxinas crónicas y el desarrollo de la sensibilización al alérgeno en bebés de alto riesgo.
Para comparar las concentraciones de endotoxinas del polvo doméstico con la sensibilización al alérgeno en los bebés.

Principales métodos:

Se estudió a 61 bebés (9-24 meses) con sibilancias recurrentes.
Se midieron las concentraciones de endotoxinas y alérgenos del polvo doméstico en los hogares.
Se evaluó la sensibilización al alérgeno a través de la prueba de pinchazo en la piel y se analizó la producción de citoquinas de linfocitos T utilizando citometría de flujo.

Principales resultados:

Las concentraciones de endotoxinas del polvo doméstico variaron ampliamente (media de 912 EU/mL).
Los bebés sensibilizados a los alérgenos tenían niveles de endotoxinas significativamente más bajos en sus hogares (468 EU/mL) en comparación con los bebés no sensibilizados (1035 EU/mL).
El aumento de la endotoxina se correlacionó con mayores proporciones de células T CD4 productoras de interferón gamma, pero no con las interleucinas 4, 5 o 13.

Conclusiones:

Proporciona evidencia potencial in vivo de que la exposición temprana a endotoxinas en interiores puede proteger contra la sensibilización alérgica.
Esta protección parece estar mediada por la mejora de la inmunidad tipo 1.

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