Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Apr 25, 2026

16:24
Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
Published on: August 2, 2012
22.5K
La entropía de configuración y la difusividad del agua súper enfriada
1Center for Polymer Studies, Department of Physics, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, USA. scala@phys.uniroma1.it
Nature
|July 26, 2000
Resumen
El enfoque termodinámico vincula la dinámica de líquidos con la entropía de configuración. Este estudio valida este enfoque para el agua, mostrando que gobierna la dinámica difusiva y puede predecir el comportamiento del líquido súper enfriado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
- Química física es la química física de las cosas.
- La mecánica estadística es la mecánica estadística.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las propiedades de los líquidos cerca de la transición de vidrio se rigen por los mínimos de energía local y la entropía de configuración.
- El enfoque termodinámico plantea una relación entre la entropía de configuración y la constante de difusión.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para probar rigurosamente el enfoque termodinámico para el agua líquida.
- Para investigar el papel de la entropía configuracional en la dinámica anómala del agua.
Principales métodos:
- Cálculo de la entropía configuracional en un amplio rango de temperatura y densidad para el agua.
- Utilizando un modelo computacional que reproduce con precisión las anomalías dinámicas conocidas del agua.
Principales resultados:
- El enfoque termodinámico explica con éxito las características de las anomalías dinámicas observadas en el agua líquida.
- Se ha demostrado que la dinámica difusiva en el agua está directamente gobernada por la entropía de configuración.
Conclusiones:
- El enfoque termodinámico proporciona un marco válido para la comprensión de la dinámica de líquidos sobreenfriados.
- Este enfoque puede ser generalizable para predecir el comportamiento de varios líquidos súper enfriados.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
Entropy
25.9K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
25.9K
Second Law of Thermodynamics
21.6K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic...
21.6K
Third Law of Thermodynamics
16.9K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
16.9K
Entropy and Solvation
6.8K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
6.8K
Entropy
2.7K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
2.7K
Entropy Changes Accompanying Specific Processes
158
Entropy, a measure of disorder in a system, changes during phase transitions like freezing or boiling. At the transition temperature Ttrs, where two phases are in equilibrium, the phase transition is a reversible process. The entropy change can be calculated from a substance's enthalpy of transition using the equation ΔStrs = ΔtrsH /Ttrs.When a perfect gas expands isothermally from one volume to another, entropy increases logarithmically with volume. Conversely, isothermal compression...
158

