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Dejar de fumar y el riesgo de cataratas relacionadas con la edad en los hombres
W G Christen1, R J Glynn, U A Ajani
1Division of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
JAMA
|August 6, 2000
Resumen
Dejar de fumar reduce significativamente el riesgo de desarrollar cataratas relacionadas con la edad, principalmente al limitar el daño acumulado por fumar. Incluso los ex fumadores a largo plazo muestran una incidencia reducida de cataratas en comparación con los fumadores actuales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oftalmología Oftalmología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Fumar cigarrillos es un factor de riesgo conocido para las cataratas relacionadas con la edad.
- Los datos existentes sobre el impacto de dejar de fumar en el riesgo de cataratas no son concluyentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre el abandono del tabaquismo y la incidencia de cataratas relacionadas con la edad.
- Para cuantificar la reducción del riesgo de cataratas para las personas que han dejado de fumar.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte prospectivo (Estudio de Salud de los Médicos I) con 20.907 médicos estadounidenses varones seguidos durante un promedio de 13.6 años.
- El incidente de catarata relacionada con la edad se definió por autoinforme confirmado por registros médicos, lo que lleva a la pérdida de la visión o requiere la extracción quirúrgica.
- El estado de tabaquismo y los años desde que dejó de fumar se evaluaron al inicio.
Principales resultados:
- En comparación con los fumadores actuales, los fumadores pasados tenían un riesgo reducido de cataratas (riesgo relativo [RR] que oscila entre 0,73 y 0,79).
- Las personas que nunca fumaron tuvieron el riesgo más bajo (RR = 0,64).
- La reducción del riesgo en los ex fumadores se atribuyó principalmente a la menor dosis acumulada de fumar, aunque algunos análisis sugirieron beneficios independientes de la dosis.
Conclusiones:
- Dejar de fumar reduce el riesgo de cataratas relacionadas con la edad.
- El mecanismo principal para la reducción del riesgo es limitar el daño acumulado relacionado con la dosis en la lente.
- Algunos daños en las lentes inducidos por fumar pueden ser reversibles después de dejar de fumar.
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