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Riesgos para la salud asociados con fumar cigarrillos.
F Baker1, S R Ainsworth, J T Dye
1Behavioral Research Center, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251, USA. fbaker@cancer.org
JAMA
|August 6, 2000
Resumen
Las tasas de consumo de cigarrillos están aumentando, y cambiar de cigarrillos a puros no reduce el riesgo de adicción a la nicotina. El humo del cigarrillo contiene más toxinas, aumentando los riesgos de cáncer y muerte de manera similar a los cigarrillos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- El control del tabaco en el control del tabaco.
- Investigación del cáncer Investigación del cáncer.
Sus antecedentes:
- El aumento de las tasas de tabaquismo entre adultos y adolescentes.
- Preocupaciones con respecto a los riesgos para la salud asociados con el consumo de cigarros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resumir los principales hallazgos sobre los riesgos para la salud de fumar cigarrillos.
- Llegar a un consenso sobre el entendimiento científico del impacto del tabaquismo.
Principales métodos:
- Convocó una conferencia de la Sociedad Americana del Cáncer en junio de 1998.
- Presentó informes sobre el estado de la ciencia y facilitó discusiones entre 120 expertos.
- Se logró consenso sobre las principales conclusiones sobre los riesgos de fumar cigarrillos.
Principales resultados:
- Las tasas de tabaquismo están aumentando en todos los grupos de edad.
- El uso de cigarrillos no mitiga el riesgo de adicción a la nicotina en comparación con los cigarrillos.
- El aumento del consumo de cigarrillos y la inhalación elevan los riesgos de mortalidad a niveles comparables con el tabaquismo.
- El humo del cigarrillo es una fuente importante de contaminación del aire interior, ya que contiene niveles elevados de toxinas y carcinógenos.
- Fumar cigarrillos está causalmente relacionado con los cánceres de pulmón y del tracto aerodigestivo superior.
Conclusiones:
- Fumar cigarrillos plantea riesgos significativos para la salud, incluyendo adicción y cáncer.
- Los riesgos asociados con el tabaquismo son comparables a los del tabaquismo de cigarrillos, y en algunos aspectos los superan.
- Las estrategias de salud pública deben abordar la tendencia creciente del uso de cigarrillos debido a sus peligros para la salud establecidos.
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