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La actividad física y la enfermedad coronaria en los hombres: El Estudio de Salud de Alumnos de Harvard

H D Sesso¹, R S Paffenbarger, I M Lee

¹Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. hsesso@hsph.harvard.edu

|August 30, 2000

Resumen

La participación en la actividad física regular, especialmente el ejercicio vigoroso, reduce significativamente el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria (CHD). Este beneficio se extiende incluso a las personas con múltiples factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Cardiovascular La salud cardiovascular.
Fisiología del ejercicio Fisiología del ejercicio
Cardiología Preventiva Cardiología preventiva.

Sus antecedentes:

Los niveles precisos de actividad física para la prevención primaria de la enfermedad coronaria (CHD) no están bien definidos.
Comprender el impacto de la intensidad y cantidad de actividad física en el riesgo de ECC es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre la cantidad e intensidad de la actividad física y el riesgo de desarrollar ECC.
Para determinar si esta asociación está modificada por otros factores de riesgo coronario establecidos.

Principales métodos:

Se siguió a una cohorte de 12.516 hombres de mediana edad y mayores desde 1977 hasta 1993.
La actividad física se cuantificó en la línea de base utilizando kilojulios por semana (kJ / semana) derivados de caminar, subir escaleras y practicar deportes.
Los eventos incidentes de CHD se registraron meticulosamente durante el período de seguimiento.

Principales resultados:

Los niveles más altos de actividad física total se asociaron con un riesgo reducido de ECC (P para la tendencia = 0,003).
Específicamente, las actividades deportivas / recreativas totales y las actividades vigorosas demostraron asociaciones inversas significativas con el riesgo de ECC (P para la tendencia = 0,042 y P = 0,02, respectivamente).
Los hombres con múltiples factores de riesgo coronario también experimentaron un riesgo reducido de ECC con mayores niveles de actividad física (>/=4.200 kJ/semana).

Conclusiones:

Tanto la actividad física total como las actividades de intensidad vigorosa son clave para reducir el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria.
La asociación protectora de la actividad física contra la ECC es evidente incluso en hombres con múltiples factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
Las actividades moderadas y ligeras mostraron asociaciones inversas no significativas, lo que sugiere que la actividad vigorosa puede tener más impacto o medirse con mayor precisión.

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