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La actividad física y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria en los hombres: ¿la duración de los episodios de ejercicio
I M Lee1, H D Sesso, R S Paffenbarger
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. i-min.lee@channing.harvard.edu
Circulation
|August 30, 2000
Resumen
La energía total gastada en la actividad física, no la duración del ejercicio, reduce significativamente el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria (CHD). Las sesiones de ejercicio más cortas acumuladas son tan efectivas como las más largas para reducir el riesgo de ECC cuando el gasto energético total es similar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología Cardiología.
- La medicina preventiva es la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades.
- Fisiología del ejercicio Fisiología del ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- La actividad física está relacionada con la reducción del riesgo de enfermedad coronaria (ECC).
- La importancia de la duración del episodio de ejercicio frente al gasto energético total para la reducción del riesgo de CHD sigue sin estar clara.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si la duración de los episodios de ejercicio influye en el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria (ECC).
- Determinar si las sesiones de ejercicio más cortas acumuladas son tan efectivas como las sesiones más largas para reducir el riesgo de CHD cuando el gasto energético total es comparable.
Principales métodos:
- Prospectivo de seguimiento de 7307 ex alumnos de la Universidad de Harvard de 1988 a 1993.
- Evaluación inicial de la actividad física, incluyendo caminar, subir escaleras, deportes y actividades recreativas, observando la frecuencia y la duración promedio por episodio.
- Monitoreo del desarrollo de la enfermedad coronaria (CHD) durante el período de seguimiento.
Principales resultados:
- En el análisis ajustado por edad, una mayor duración del episodio de ejercicio predijo un menor riesgo de ECC (tendencia P = 0,04).
- Después de contabilizar el gasto total de energía y los factores de confusión, la duración del ejercicio no tuvo un efecto independiente en el riesgo de ECC (tendencia P = 0,25).
- Un mayor gasto energético total predijo significativamente una disminución del riesgo de ECC tanto en los análisis ajustados por edad (tendencia P=0,009) como en los análisis multivariados (tendencia P=0,046).
Conclusiones:
- La actividad física está claramente asociada con una disminución del riesgo de enfermedad coronaria (ECC).
- La acumulación de sesiones de actividad física más cortas parece ser tan efectiva como las sesiones más largas para reducir el riesgo de ECC.
- Estos hallazgos respaldan las recomendaciones que permiten una acumulación flexible de sesiones de ejercicio, lo que potencialmente alienta a las personas más sedentarias a aumentar la actividad física.
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