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La enfermedad periodontal y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria del corazón
P P Hujoel1, M Drangsholt, C Spiekerman
1Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Box 357475, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
JAMA
|September 16, 2000
Resumen
Este estudio no encontró evidencia convincente que vincule la enfermedad periodontal con el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria (CHD). Se necesita más investigación para aclarar la asociación entre la salud de las encías y las afecciones cardíacas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Cardiovascular La salud cardiovascular.
- Salud bucal La salud bucal.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Investigaciones anteriores sugieren un vínculo entre la enfermedad periodontal y la enfermedad coronaria (CHD).
- Sin embargo, los datos existentes no son concluyentes debido a posibles factores de confusión.
- Este estudio tuvo como objetivo aclarar la asociación entre las afecciones periodontales y el riesgo de ECC.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria (CHD) en personas con periodontitis, gingivitis o sin enfermedad periodontal.
- Investigar la asociación entre el estado periodontal y los eventos cardiovasculares.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte prospectivo que utiliza datos de la Primera Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición y el Estudio de Seguimiento Epidemiológico (1982-1992).
- Se incluyeron 8032 adultos de entre 25 y 74 años sin enfermedad cardiovascular previa.
- Se evaluó el estado periodontal (periodontitis, gingivitis, saludable) y se rastrearon los eventos de ECC (fatalidad, hospitalización, revascularización).
Principales resultados:
- Durante el período de seguimiento, 1265 personas experimentaron un evento de ECC.
- La gingivitis no mostró asociación significativa con el riesgo de ECC después de ajustar por factores de riesgo (HR, 1.05; IC del 95%, 0.88-1.26).
- La periodontitis se asoció con un aumento no significativo del riesgo de eventos de ECC (HR, 1,14; IC del 95%, 0,96-1,36).
Conclusiones:
- El estudio no encontró evidencia convincente para establecer una asociación causal entre la enfermedad periodontal y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria.
- La relación entre la enfermedad de las encías y la salud del corazón requiere más investigación.
- Los resultados sugieren que los factores de confusión pueden desempeñar un papel importante en las asociaciones observadas.
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