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Edad de inicio del consumo de alcohol y lesión involuntaria después de beber

R W Hingson¹, T Heeren, A Jamanka

¹Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02118, USA. rhingson@bu.edu

|September 23, 2000

Resumen

Comenzar el consumo de alcohol antes de los 21 años aumenta significativamente el riesgo de sufrir lesiones involuntarias mientras está intoxicado. El consumo prematuro de alcohol es un factor clave en las lesiones relacionadas con el alcohol, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de prevención.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública La salud pública.
Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Investigación sobre el abuso de sustancias Investigación sobre el abuso de sustancias.

Sus antecedentes:

Las lesiones no intencionales son una de las principales causas de muerte entre los adultos jóvenes.
El alcohol es un factor contribuyente significativo en muchas muertes relacionadas con lesiones.
El vínculo entre el consumo de alcohol de inicio temprano y el riesgo de lesiones posteriores mientras está intoxicado sigue sin estar claro.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre la edad de inicio del consumo de alcohol y la probabilidad de sufrir lesiones involuntarias bajo la influencia del alcohol.
Para determinar si comenzar a beber a edades más tempranas aumenta el riesgo de lesiones relacionadas con el alcohol.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional Longitudinal de Epidemiología del Alcohol, un estudio transversal a gran escala de una población adulta estadounidense representativa.
Analizó los datos autoinformados sobre la participación en lesiones no intencionales mientras estaba intoxicado, categorizados por edad del primer consumo de alcohol.
Controlado para posibles factores de confusión, incluida la dependencia del alcohol, la frecuencia de consumo excesivo de alcohol y los antecedentes familiares de alcoholismo.

Principales resultados:

Las personas que comenzaron a beber antes de los 21 años tenían significativamente más probabilidades de reportar lesiones relacionadas con el alcohol en comparación con las que comenzaron a los 21 años o más.
El riesgo de lesiones durante la intoxicación aumentó sustancialmente para aquellos que comenzaron a beber a edades más tempranas (por ejemplo, el odds ratio de 2.98 para comenzar antes de los 14 años).
Esta asociación persistió incluso después de ajustar por variables demográficas y de uso de sustancias.

Conclusiones:

El inicio del consumo de alcohol antes de los 21 años es un factor de riesgo significativo para experimentar lesiones involuntarias bajo la influencia del alcohol.
Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia para la salud pública de prevenir el consumo temprano de alcohol para mitigar los riesgos de lesiones relacionadas con el alcohol.
El estudio proporciona pruebas sólidas que vinculan los patrones de consumo de alcohol de los adolescentes con los resultados de lesiones en adultos.

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