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Anormalidades regionales del volumen cerebral y resultados cognitivos a largo plazo en bebés prematuros
B S Peterson1, B Vohr, L H Staib
1Yale Child Study Center, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. bradley.peterson@yale.edu
JAMA
|October 18, 2000
Resumen
El nacimiento prematuro está relacionado con volúmenes cerebrales más pequeños en regiones específicas, lo que afecta el desarrollo cognitivo. Estas diferencias en la estructura cerebral de los niños prematuros se correlacionan con menores puntuaciones de CI.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Neurociencia del desarrollo neurológico.
- Neurología Pediátrica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bebés prematuros a menudo experimentan problemas cognitivos y conductuales a largo plazo.
- El impacto del estrés del nacimiento prematuro en la maduración y estructura del cerebro no se entiende completamente.
- Las anomalías en la estructura cerebral pueden contribuir a los déficits cognitivos en los niños prematuros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar los volúmenes cerebrales regionales entre niños nacidos a término y prematuros.
- Investigar la asociación entre los volúmenes cerebrales regionales y los resultados cognitivos en niños prematuros.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de casos y controles en el que participaron 25 niños prematuros de ocho años y 39 niños de control.
- Se utilizaron imágenes de resonancia magnética estructural (IRM) para medir volúmenes de varias regiones cerebrales.
- Los volúmenes cerebrales regionales se correlacionaron con las medidas cognitivas y las variables perinatales.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños prematuros mostraron volúmenes corticales significativamente más pequeños, particularmente en las áreas sensorimotora y premotora.
- Se observaron ventrículos agrandados y volúmenes más pequeños en el cerebelo, los ganglios basales, la amígdala, el hipocampo y el cuerpo calloso en niños prematuros.
- Volúmenes corticales sensorimotores y midtemporales más pequeños se asociaron con puntuaciones de CI más bajas en niños prematuros.
Conclusiones:
- El nacimiento prematuro está asociado con reducciones regionales específicas a largo plazo en el volumen cerebral.
- Las anomalías morfológicas del cerebro en los niños prematuros se correlacionan con peores resultados cognitivos.
- Estos hallazgos resaltan el impacto duradero del parto prematuro en el desarrollo y la función del cerebro.
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