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El papel del estrés agudo y crónico en los ataques de asma en niños
S Sandberg1, J Y Paton, S Ahola
1Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 21, 2000
Resumen
Los eventos graves de la vida pueden desencadenar ataques de asma en los niños. Este riesgo es mayor y ocurre antes si el niño también experimenta estrés crónico continuo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Pulmonología Pediátrica.
- La medicina psicosomática es una medicina psicosomática.
- Psicología Infantil Psicología infantil.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los altos niveles de estrés están relacionados con la aparición de asma en niños genéticamente predispuestos y el aumento de la morbilidad.
- La investigación existente sugiere una correlación entre el estrés y la gravedad del asma.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si las experiencias estresantes precipitan nuevas exacerbaciones de asma en niños con asma establecida.
- Para cuantificar el impacto de los eventos graves de la vida y los factores estresantes crónicos en los ataques de asma.
Principales métodos:
- Prospectivo de seguimiento de 18 meses de pacientes con asma infantil.
- Monitoreo continuo del asma a través de diarios y mediciones de flujo máximo.
- Entrevistas repetidas que evalúan eventos de la vida y experiencias psicosociales, incluidos eventos de vida negativos graves y factores de estrés crónicos.
Principales resultados:
- Los eventos graves de la vida aumentaron significativamente el riesgo de ataque de asma, particularmente 2-6 semanas después del evento (OR 1.71-2.17).
- El riesgo se amplificó y aceleró (dentro de 2 semanas) cuando los eventos graves coincidieron con un alto estrés crónico (OR 2.98).
- Factores como el sexo femenino, la gravedad basal, los ataques frecuentes, la temporada y el tabaquismo de los padres aumentaron el riesgo de exacerbación; la clase social y el estrés crónico no se correlacionaron directamente con la frecuencia general de los ataques.
Conclusiones:
- Los eventos de vida severamente negativos elevan el riesgo de ataques de asma en los niños en cuestión de semanas.
- La presencia de múltiples factores estresantes crónicos magnifica este riesgo y acorta el período de latencia para las exacerbaciones del asma.
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