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Efecto del suministro de hierro en la absorción de CO2 del Océano Antártico y implicaciones para el CO2 atmosférico
A J Watson1, D C Bakker, A J Ridgwell
1School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. a.watson@uea.ac.uk
Nature
|October 26, 2000
Resumen
La disponibilidad de hierro limita la fotosíntesis del Océano Antártico y la absorción de carbono. El aumento de hierro durante los períodos glaciales impactó significativamente los niveles de CO2 atmosférico, con implicaciones potenciales para las estrategias de fertilización artificial de los océanos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología marina Biología marina.
- Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
- Ciencias del clima ciencia del clima.
Sus antecedentes:
- La fotosíntesis del fitoplancton marino del Océano Austral es limitada por el hierro.
- La disponibilidad de hierro influye en las concentraciones atmosféricas de dióxido de carbono (CO2).
- Los períodos glaciales pasados pueden haber visto un menor CO2 debido al aumento del suministro de hierro que estimula el crecimiento de las algas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para probar la hipótesis de la limitación del hierro en el ecosistema del Océano Austral.
- Para modelar el impacto de los flujos de hierro en el carbono global y los nutrientes del océano.
- Evaluar el potencial de la fertilización artificial de hierro para el secuestro de carbono.
Principales métodos:
- Experimento de ecosistema completo en el Océano Austral.
- Medición de la absorción de CO2 y sílice por el fitoplancton con diferentes concentraciones de hierro.
- Modelado global de carbono y nutrientes oceánicos utilizando datos de flujo de hierro derivados de núcleos de hielo.
Principales resultados:
- Los aumentos nanomolares en la concentración de hierro afectaron significativamente la absorción de CO2 y las proporciones de sílice y carbono del fitoplancton.
- Las simulaciones de modelos predijeron con precisión los cambios de CO2 atmosférico glacial basados en datos de flujo de hierro.
- La influencia del hierro en la biota del Océano Austral explicó el aumento inicial de CO2 durante las terminaciones glaciales.
Conclusiones:
- La disponibilidad de hierro es un factor clave del ciclo del carbono en el Océano Antártico y las fluctuaciones de CO2 entre glaciares e interglaciares.
- La fertilización artificial de hierro muestra potencial para el secuestro de CO2 atmosférico, pero la duración y la escala de la efectividad requieren más estudios.
- Otros mecanismos contribuyeron al completo desplazamiento de CO2 glacial-interglacial más allá del impacto del hierro.
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