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La asociación entre el tabaquismo y los trastornos de ansiedad durante la adolescencia y la edad adulta temprana
J G Johnson1, P Cohen, D S Pine
1Box 60, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA. jjohnso@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu
JAMA
|November 7, 2000
Resumen
Fumar cigarrillos en adolescentes aumenta significativamente el riesgo de desarrollar agorafobia, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y trastorno de pánico en la edad adulta temprana. Sin embargo, los trastornos de ansiedad de los adolescentes no predicen los hábitos de fumar de los adultos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La psiquiatría es la psiquiatría.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud de los Adolescentes.
Sus antecedentes:
- Fumar cigarrillos está relacionado con los trastornos de ansiedad, pero la relación causal sigue sin estar clara.
- La direccionalidad de la asociación entre el tabaquismo y los trastornos de ansiedad específicos necesita más investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la asociación longitudinal entre el tabaquismo y los trastornos de ansiedad en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes.
- Para determinar si el tabaquismo adolescente predice trastornos de ansiedad en adultos o viceversa.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio longitudinal prospectivo: El estudio de los niños en la comunidad.
- Una muestra comunitaria de 688 jóvenes, evaluados en la adolescencia (edad media de 16) y la edad adulta temprana (edad media de 22).
- Utilizó el Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children para medir el tabaquismo y los trastornos psiquiátricos.
Principales resultados:
- El tabaquismo excesivo en adolescentes (≥20 cigarrillos/día) se asoció con mayores probabilidades de desarrollar agorafobia (OR=6.79), trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (OR=5.53) y trastorno de pánico (OR=15.58) en la edad adulta temprana.
- Estas asociaciones se mantuvieron significativas después de controlar varios factores de confusión, incluido el temperamento infantil, el uso de sustancias y la psicopatología de los padres.
- Los trastornos de ansiedad en adolescentes no se asociaron de manera significativa con el consumo crónico de cigarrillos en la edad adulta temprana (OR = 0,88).
Conclusiones:
- Fumar cigarrillos durante la adolescencia puede ser un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos de ansiedad específicos en la adolescencia posterior y la edad adulta temprana.
- Los hallazgos sugieren un posible vínculo causal donde fumar precede y contribuye a la aparición de ciertos trastornos de ansiedad.
- Por el contrario, los trastornos de ansiedad en la adolescencia no parecen predecir el desarrollo del tabaquismo crónico en la edad adulta temprana.
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