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Efecto de las reservas de hierro materna temprana en el peso y la estructura de la placenta
P C Hindmarsh1, M P Geary, C H Rodeck
1London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, University College London, UK. p.hindmarsh@ucl.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|November 21, 2000
Resumen
El estado de hierro materno, particularmente los niveles bajos de ferritina, tienen un impacto en el tamaño de la placenta y el peso al nacer. Asegurar una cantidad adecuada de hierro y folato antes de la concepción es crucial para un embarazo saludable.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología.
- La medicina materno-fetal es una de ellas.
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- El gran tamaño de la placenta y el bajo peso al nacer están relacionados con la hipertensión en adultos.
- La anemia materna es un factor potencialmente contribuyente.
- Investigó la interacción del estado de hierro materno con otros factores que afectan el peso al nacer y el tamaño de la placenta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar cómo el estado de hierro materno interactúa con los factores socioeconómicos y la paridad.
- Comprender los determinantes del tamaño de la placenta y el peso al nacer en embarazos de bajo riesgo.
- Explorar la relación entre el estado de hierro materno y la morfología placentaria.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio prospectivo de 1650 embarazos caucásicos de bajo riesgo.
- Relación entre el tamaño de la placenta y el peso al nacer y el estado de hierro materno, el estatus socioeconómico y la paridad.
- Morfología placentaria evaluada en 17 embarazos primigravidados seleccionados al azar.
Principales resultados:
- La paridad influyó significativamente tanto en el peso al nacer como en el peso placentario.
- La altura, el peso y la ferritina sérica materna en el momento de la reserva afectaron el peso placentario, pero no la hemoglobina.
- Las concentraciones séricas de ferritina se correlacionan con la ingesta y paridad de ácido fólico, e inversamente con la vascularización placentaria.
Conclusiones:
- La anemia materna está asociada con variaciones en el tamaño de la placenta y el peso al nacer.
- Los niveles bajos de ferritina al comienzo del embarazo se correlacionan con un aumento de la vascularización placentaria.
- La salud previa a la concepción, incluido el estado de hierro y folato, es vital, especialmente para las mujeres de alto riesgo.
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