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Las estatinas y el riesgo de demencia
H Jick1, G L Zornberg, S S Jick
1Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Lexington, MA 02421, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 23, 2000
Resumen
Las estatinas reducen significativamente el riesgo de demencia en adultos mayores. Este estudio encontró que las personas a las que se les recetaron estatinas tenían un riesgo sustancialmente reducido de desarrollar demencia, independientemente del estado de hiperlipidemia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Neurología Neurología.
- Farmacología Farmacología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La demencia afecta al 10% de las personas mayores de 65 años.
- Los mecanismos vasculares y relacionados con los lípidos están implicados en la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la demencia vascular.
- Investigar el impacto de los agentes reductores de lípidos en el riesgo de demencia es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el efecto potencial de los inhibidores de la HMGCoA (3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril-coenzima A) reductasa (estatinas) y otros agentes reductores de lípidos en la demencia.
- Evaluar la asociación entre el uso de estatinas y el riesgo de demencia en individuos de 50 años o más.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un diseño de estudio de casos y controles anidados utilizando datos de 368 prácticas generales del Reino Unido.
- La población del estudio incluyó a individuos mayores de 50 años que recibieron agentes reductores de lípidos, tenían hiperlipidemia no tratada o fueron controles seleccionados al azar.
- Los casos con un diagnóstico de demencia fueron emparejados con hasta cuatro controles basados en edad, sexo, práctica y fecha de índice.
Principales resultados:
- El estudio incluyó 284 casos de demencia y 1080 controles.
- Los individuos a los que se les recetaron estatinas mostraron un riesgo significativamente reducido de demencia (ratio de probabilidades ajustado 0.29, p=0.002).
- No se encontró una asociación significativa entre el riesgo de demencia y la hiperlipidemia no tratada o los agentes reductores de lípidos no estatinos.
Conclusiones:
- La prescripción de estatinas se asoció con un riesgo sustancialmente reducido de demencia en individuos de 50 años o más.
- Este riesgo reducido fue independiente de la hiperlipidemia no tratada o el uso de agentes reductores de lípidos no estatinos.
- El estudio no pudo diferenciar entre la enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras formas de demencia.
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