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The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
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Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Visual System01:26

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
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Las neuronas de la imaginación en el cerebro humano.

G Kreiman1, C Koch, I Fried

  • 1Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.

Nature
|December 1, 2000
PubMed
Resumen

Los científicos descubrieron que las mismas neuronas en el cerebro humano procesan tanto ver imágenes como imaginarlas. Esto sugiere una base neuronal compartida para la percepción visual y el recuerdo visual.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
  • Psicología Psicología Psicología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La capacidad de generar voluntariamente imágenes visuales vívidas, conocidas como imágenes visuales, es una experiencia humana común.
  • Los mecanismos neuronales subyacentes a las imágenes visuales y su relación con la percepción visual han sido un debate de larga data en la neurociencia.
  • Pruebas anteriores de varios métodos sugirieron un proceso neural común, pero algunos estudios con pacientes indicaron mecanismos distintos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar directamente la actividad de una sola neurona asociada con el recuerdo visual en humanos.
  • Para determinar si los sustratos neuronales para las imágenes visuales se superponen con los de la percepción visual.

Principales métodos:

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  • Registro de la actividad de una sola neurona en el lóbulo temporal medial humano (incluyendo el hipocampo, la amígdala, la corteza entorrinal y el giro parahipocampo).
  • Se pidió a los sujetos que imaginaran imágenes previamente vistas mientras se monitoreaban las tasas de disparo neuronal.

    • Principales resultados:

    • Identificó neuronas individuales en el lóbulo temporal medial que cambiaron selectivamente las tasas de disparo durante las imágenes visuales.
    • Se encontró que la mayoría de las neuronas (88%) que muestran disparo selectivo durante la visión y las imágenes exhibieron patrones de selectividad idénticos.
    • Se han demostrado correlaciones neuronales específicas para las imágenes visuales volitivas en humanos.

    Conclusiones:

    • El estudio proporciona evidencia directa de correlatos de una sola neurona de imágenes visuales en humanos.
    • Sugiere un sustrato neural común tanto para el procesamiento de la información visual entrante como para el recuerdo de los recuerdos visuales.
    • Destaca el papel del lóbulo temporal medial en la integración de la percepción y la imaginación.