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Deshalorespiración bacteriana con el benceno clorado

L Adrian¹, U Szewzyk, J Wecke

¹Fachgebiet Technische Biochemie, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany. lorenz.adrian@tu-berlin.de

|December 16, 2000

Resumen

Una nueva bacteria anaeróbica, la cepa CBDB1, desclorina los tóxicos clorobenzenos. Este microbio especializado ofrece una nueva vía para la biorremediación de contaminantes ambientales persistentes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología Ambiental y Microbiología Ambiental.
La biorremediación es la biorremediación.
Respiración anaeróbica La respiración anaeróbica es una forma de respiración que se lleva a cabo por la respiración anaeróbica.

Sus antecedentes:

Los clorobenzos son contaminantes ambientales persistentes que se bioacumulan.
La transformación microbiana de los benzenos altamente clorados se limita a la desclorada reductora bajo condiciones anaerobias.
Estudios anteriores se basaron en cultivos bacterianos mixtos para la desclorinación con clorobenzeno.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para aislar y caracterizar un cultivo bacteriano puro capaz de la desclorinación reductiva de los clorobenzenos.
Investigar las capacidades metabólicas y los requisitos de crecimiento de la cepa aislada.
Para determinar la ubicación filogenética de la nueva bacteria.

Principales métodos:

Aislamiento de una cepa bacteriana sensible al oxígeno (CBDB1) a partir de muestras ambientales.
Cultivo y caracterización del cultivo puro en condiciones anaerobias.
Secuenciación de genes de ARNr 16S para el análisis filogenético.

Principales resultados:

La cepa CBDB1 fue aislada e identificada como un cultivo puro capaz de una desclorinación reductiva.
La bacteria desclora estequiométricamente varios triclorobenzenos (TCB) y tetraclorobenzenos (TeCB) a diclorobenzenos o 1,3,5-TCB.
El crecimiento de la cepa CBDB1 depende del clorobenzeno como aceptor de electrones y del hidrógeno como donante de electrones, lo que indica un proceso de deshalorespiración.
El análisis filogenético coloca la cepa CBDB1 dentro de un nuevo grupo bacteriano, distinto de las bacterias deshalogenantes previamente identificadas.

Conclusiones:

La cepa CBDB1 representa una bacteria única, sensible al oxígeno con capacidades deshalorrespiratorias especializadas.
Este descubrimiento proporciona una nueva herramienta para la biorremediación de ambientes contaminados con clorobenzeno.
El aislamiento de una bacteria descloradora de clorobenzeno que prospera en un medio sintético avanza en la comprensión del metabolismo y la evolución microbiana.

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