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Estudio longitudinal de cambio de peso moderado y trastornos respiratorios del sueño
P E Peppard1, T Young, M Palta
1University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, 502 N Walnut St, Madison, WI 53705, USA. ppeppard@facstaff.wisc.edu
JAMA
|December 21, 2000
Resumen
Los cambios de peso impactan significativamente la respiración con trastornos del sueño (SDB, por sus siglas en inglés). Un aumento de peso del 10% aumenta la gravedad del SDB, mientras que la pérdida de peso la disminuye, lo que sugiere que el control del peso es clave para el control del SDB.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina del sueño Medicina del sueño.
- Investigación de la obesidad.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- El exceso de peso corporal está fuertemente relacionado con los trastornos respiratorios del sueño.
- SDB es una condición generalizada en la población de los EE.UU..
- Los estudios longitudinales sobre el cambio de peso y la gravedad del SDB son limitados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la asociación longitudinal independiente entre el cambio de peso y la gravedad del SDB.
- Para cuantificar el impacto de las fluctuaciones de peso en el índice de apnea-hipopnea (AHI).
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo basado en la población entre 1989 y 2000.
- Se evaluaron seiscientos noventa residentes empleados de Wisconsin dos veces en intervalos de cuatro años.
- Se evaluaron los cambios en el índice de apnea-hipopnea (AHI) y las probabilidades de SDB de moderada a grave en relación con el cambio de peso.
Principales resultados:
- Un aumento de peso del 10% predijo un aumento del 32% en el AHI; una pérdida de peso del 10% predijo una disminución del 26% en el AHI.
- Un aumento del 10% en el peso se asoció con un aumento de 6 veces en las probabilidades de desarrollar SDB de moderado a severo.
- Estas asociaciones fueron independientes del estado de peso basal.
Conclusiones:
- Las iniciativas clínicas y de salud pública que promueven el control del peso pueden administrar de manera efectiva los SDB existentes.
- Es probable que las estrategias de gestión de peso modestas reduzcan la incidencia de nuevos casos de SDB.
- La gestión del peso es un componente crucial en el cuidado integral de SDB.
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