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Conservación y elaboración de la regulación del gen Hox durante la evolución de la cabeza de los vertebrados
M Manzanares1, H Wada, N Itasaki
1Division of Developmental Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.
Nature
|December 29, 2000
Resumen
La investigación de los elementos reguladores del gen Amphioxus Hox en embriones de ratones y pollitos revela mecanismos de expresión del tubo neural conservados. Esto sugiere que antiguos elementos reguladores evolucionaron en los antepasados de los vertebrados para el desarrollo craneofacial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- Genética evolutiva y genética evolutiva.
- La genómica comparada es una genómica comparada.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los genes Hox de los vertebrados exhiben características únicas como la duplicación de grupos y los patrones de expresión expandida en comparación con los parientes invertebrados.
- Comprender la evolución de estos nuevos dominios de expresión y funciones es crucial para comprender los orígenes de los vertebrados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la evolución de nuevos dominios de expresión génica Hox y las funciones del desarrollo.
- Para probar la actividad cis-reguladora de fragmentos de genes de amphioxus Hox en embriones de vertebrados.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron embriones transgénicos de ratón y pollo para probar la actividad cis-reguladora de fragmentos de ADN genómico del grupo de amphioxus Hox.
- El análisis se centró en los mecanismos cis-regulatorios conservados y la identificación de nuevos elementos regulatorios.
Principales resultados:
- Evidencia de mecanismos cis-reguladores conservados que controlan la expresión génica del tubo neural, incluida la dependencia de la señalización del ácido retinoico, durante más de 500 millones de años.
- Identificación de los elementos reguladores del gen de Amphioxus Hox que impulsan la expresión en estructuras específicas de los vertebrados como las células de la cresta neural, los placodos neurogénicos y los arcos branquiales.
- Demostración de que estos elementos funcionan en embriones de vertebrados a pesar de la ausencia de estas estructuras en los cefalócordales.
Conclusiones:
- Los mecanismos cis-reguladores para la expresión del gen Hox en el tubo neural están altamente conservados a través de la evolución de los cordados vertebrados e invertebrados.
- La evolución del patrón craneofacial de los vertebrados implicó la elaboración de elementos cis-reguladores dentro del grupo de genes Hox.
- Este estudio proporciona información sobre los profundos orígenes evolutivos de la regulación génica del desarrollo de los vertebrados.
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