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Tuberculosis entre personas nacidas en el extranjero en los Estados Unidos, 1993-1998
E A Talbot1, M Moore, E McCray
1Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
JAMA
|January 9, 2001
Resumen
Los casos de tuberculosis (TB) en individuos nacidos en el extranjero aumentaron significativamente en los EE.UU. desde 1993-1998. Las estrategias específicas de control de la TB para las poblaciones nacidas en el extranjero son cruciales para los esfuerzos de eliminación de la TB.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Control y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas
Sus antecedentes:
- La inmigración sostiene significativamente la incidencia de tuberculosis (TB) en los Estados Unidos.
- Comprender las tendencias de la tuberculosis en las poblaciones nacidas en el extranjero es vital para las iniciativas de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar las tendencias y características de los casos de tuberculosis entre los individuos nacidos en el extranjero en los EE.UU..
- Informar la planificación de programas de TB y el desarrollo de políticas basadas en datos de casos nacidos en el extranjero.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis descriptivo de los datos de vigilancia de la tuberculosis en los Estados Unidos de 1993 a 1998.
- Examen de las características demográficas y clínicas de las personas nacidas en el extranjero diagnosticadas con TB.
Principales resultados:
- Los casos de tuberculosis nacidos en el extranjero aumentaron un 2,6% (1993-1998), aumentando su proporción en el total de casos en los Estados Unidos del 29,8% al 41,6%.
- La tasa de casos de tuberculosis fue sustancialmente mayor en los nacidos en el extranjero (32,9/100,000) frente a los nacidos en los Estados Unidos (5,8/100,000).
- Más de la mitad de los casos nacidos en el extranjero ocurrieron dentro de los 5 años de la llegada a los Estados Unidos; los principales países de origen incluyen México, Filipinas, Vietnam, India, China, Haití y Corea del Sur.
Conclusiones:
- Reducir el impacto de la TB en las poblaciones nacidas en el extranjero es esencial para lograr los objetivos de eliminación de la TB en los Estados Unidos.
- Es fundamental adaptar las estrategias de control de la TB a las comunidades nacidas en el extranjero y los esfuerzos globales contra la TB.
- El aumento del uso de la terapia observada directamente (DOT) mostró mejores tasas de finalización del tratamiento.
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