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Maquinaria molecular apoptótica: complejidad enormemente aumentada en los vertebrados revelada por las comparaciones
L Aravind1, V M Dixit, E V Koonin
1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 22, 2001
Resumen
El genoma humano muestra una mayor complejidad en la maquinaria apoptótica en comparación con las moscas y los nematodos. La evolución temprana de la apoptosis puede implicar la transferencia horizontal de genes, evidenciada por los dominios de proteínas compartidas en las bacterias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- * Biología evolutiva.
- * Biología molecular.
- * La genómica es la genómica.
Sus antecedentes:
- * El proyecto del genoma humano proporciona un conjunto casi completo de genes humanos.
- * La genómica comparativa permite el estudio de las relaciones evolutivas entre especies.
- * La apoptosis, o muerte celular programada, es un proceso biológico fundamental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- * Para comparar la maquinaria molecular apoptótica en diferentes especies.
- * Para investigar los orígenes evolutivos de la apoptosis.
- * Identificar los componentes compartidos y únicos del sistema apoptótico.
Principales métodos:
- * Análisis comparativo de genes codificados por proteínas de los genomas de humanos, moscas y nematodos.
- * Examen de la arquitectura del dominio de las proteínas.
- * Identificación bioinformática de los dominios de proteínas apoptóticas en los genomas bacterianos.
Principales resultados:
- * La maquinaria apoptótica de los vertebrados es significativamente más compleja que la de las moscas y los nematodos.
- * Los componentes apoptóticos compartidos entre humanos y moscas, pero no los nematodos, sugieren un clado de coelomato.
- * Los extensos dominios de proteínas apoptóticas encontrados en Actinomicetos y Cianobacterias indican la transferencia horizontal de genes.
Conclusiones:
- * La apoptosis en vertebrados evolucionó con mayor complejidad.
- * La historia evolutiva de la apoptosis involucra tanto la herencia vertical como la transferencia horizontal de genes.
- * La genómica comparada es crucial para comprender la evolución de procesos biológicos complejos.
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