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Frecuencia de tipos específicos de cáncer en dermatomiositis y polimiositis: un estudio basado en la población

C L Hill¹, Y Zhang, B Sigurgeirsson

¹Boston University Arthritis Center, MA 02118-2394, USA.

Lancet (London, England)

|February 24, 2001

Resumen

La dermatomiositis muestra una fuerte asociación con varios tipos de cáncer, incluidos los de ovario y pulmón. La polimiositis también presenta un riesgo ligeramente mayor de cánceres como el linfoma no Hodgkin y el cáncer de pulmón.

Área de la Ciencia:

Reumatología y Oncología.
Epidemiología de las enfermedades autoinmunes.

Sus antecedentes:

La dermatomiositis y la polimiositis son miopatías inflamatorias con asociaciones conocidas de cáncer.
Los estudios previos carecían de poder suficiente para examinar los riesgos específicos del tipo de cáncer en pacientes con miositis.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el riesgo de tipos específicos de cáncer en individuos diagnosticados con dermatomiositis y polimiositis.
Proporcionar un análisis exhaustivo de las malignidades asociadas a la miositis.

Principales métodos:

Análisis combinado de los datos nacionales de Suecia, Dinamarca y Finlandia (1964-1997).
Inclusión de pacientes de 15 años o más con dermatomiositis o polimiositis basados en diagnósticos de alta.
Coincidencia de los datos de los pacientes con los registros nacionales de cáncer y defunción para calcular los ratios de incidencia estandarizados (SIR).

Principales resultados:

La dermatomiositis (618 casos) mostró una fuerte asociación con la malignidad general (SIR 3.0), en particular los cánceres de ovario, pulmón, páncreas, estómago, colorrectal y linfoma no Hodgkin.
La polimiositis (914 casos) se asoció con un mayor riesgo de linfoma no Hodgkin, cáncer de pulmón y de vejiga.
El riesgo de cáncer fue más alto en el momento del diagnóstico de miositis para ambas condiciones.

Conclusiones:

La dermatomiositis está fuertemente relacionada con un amplio espectro de cánceres.
La polimiositis se asocia con un riesgo moderadamente elevado de ciertos tipos de cáncer, lo que justifica una mayor investigación y vigilancia.

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