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Diversidad inesperada de pequeños eucariotas en el plancton antártico de aguas profundas
P López-García1, F Rodríguez-Valera, C Pedrós-Alió
1División de Microbiologia, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
Nature
|February 24, 2001
Resumen
Nuevos eucariotas marinos descubiertos en las profundidades del océano Antártico revelan una diversidad microbiana previamente desconocida. Estos hallazgos amplían nuestra comprensión de la vida en zonas afóticas y la evolución temprana de los alvéolos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología marina Biología marina.
- Ecología microbiana ecología microbiana.
- Evolución molecular de la evolución molecular.
Sus antecedentes:
- La secuenciación de genes de ARN ribosomal ambiental ha descubierto una gran diversidad de procariotas.
- El conocimiento de pequeños eucariotas planctónicos, especialmente en ambientes de aguas profundas, sigue siendo limitado.
- Los estudios existentes se centran principalmente en el fitoplancton en la zona eufótica iluminada por el sol.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la diversidad de pequeños eucariotas planctónicos (0,2-5 micrómetros) en la zona afótica del frente polar antártico.
- Identificar nuevos linajes eucariotas y evaluar su abundancia y relaciones filogenéticas.
Principales métodos:
- Amplificación y secuenciación directa de genes de ARN ribosomal de microbios eucariotas.
- Análisis de muestras de la fracción de tamaño 0.2-5 micrómetros.
- Análisis filogenético para determinar las relaciones evolutivas.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de diversas secuencias eucariotas en la zona afótica antártica profunda (250-3000 m).
- Identificación de dos nuevos grupos abundantes y diversos de secuencias alveoladas, relacionadas con los dinoflagelados.
- Estos nuevos eucariotas se encontraron en todas las profundidades estudiadas.
Conclusiones:
- Las profundidades del océano albergan una diversidad eucariótica significativa, no reconocida anteriormente.
- Estos alveolatos recién identificados pueden desempeñar un papel crucial en las comunidades microbianas de aguas profundas.
- Su ubicación filogenética sugiere una temprana radiación evolutiva dentro de los alveolatos.
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