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La supresión de recuerdos no deseados por el control ejecutivo.
1Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403-1227, USA. mcanders@darkwing.uoregon.edu
Nature
|March 27, 2001
Resumen
Este estudio muestra que la supresión activa de recuerdos no deseados utilizando mecanismos de control ejecutivo puede conducir al olvido a largo plazo. Este acto cognitivo de evitar el recuerdo de la memoria proporciona un modelo potencial para la represión.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Investigación de la memoria Investigación de la memoria.
Sus antecedentes:
- La represión, el olvido inconsciente de recuerdos no deseados, sigue siendo controvertida.
- Estudiar la represión es difícil debido a su vínculo con el trauma y las limitaciones experimentales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar si los procesos de control ejecutivo se pueden utilizar para olvidar intencionalmente recuerdos no deseados.
- Para determinar las consecuencias a largo plazo de la supresión activa de los recuerdos.
Principales métodos:
- Los participantes recibieron instrucciones para evitar que los recuerdos no deseados entraran en la conciencia cuando se les presentaban pistas.
- La investigación conductual y neurobiológica sobre la memoria y la atención informó el diseño experimental.
- La recuperación de la memoria se evaluó después de repetidos intentos de supresión.
Principales resultados:
- La supresión constante de recuerdos no deseados condujo a una disminución significativa de la memoria posterior.
- El grado de olvido aumentaba con la frecuencia de la evitación de la memoria.
- Los efectos de supresión persistieron a pesar de los incentivos para un recuerdo preciso.
Conclusiones:
- Los procesos de control ejecutivo pueden ser reclutados para suprimir activamente las memorias declarativas no deseadas.
- Este mecanismo de olvido activo proporciona un modelo viable y empíricamente respaldado para la represión.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que la represión no está vinculada únicamente al trauma y puede estudiarse a través de mecanismos de control cognitivo.
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