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La iniciación inconsciente elimina la vinculación automática del color y la forma alfanumérica en la sinestesia
J B Mattingley1, A N Rich, G Yelland
1School of Behavioural Science, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. j.mattingley@psych.unimelb.edu.au
Nature
|March 30, 2001
Resumen
La sinestesia es un fenómeno perceptivo donde los sentidos se entrelazan. Los investigadores descubrieron que incluso cuando el rendimiento de la tarea sufre, las experiencias de color sinestésicas para letras y dígitos no pueden bloquearse conscientemente, pero se pueden prevenir si se presentan estímulos brevemente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
- Investigación de la percepción Investigación de la percepción.
Sus antecedentes:
- La sinestesia implica experiencias sensoriales transversales (por ejemplo, escuchar colores).
- A pesar de ser conocido desde hace más de un siglo, sus causas y efectos cognitivos siguen siendo poco conocidos.
- Las investigaciones anteriores a menudo se basaban en pruebas anecdóticas o estudios de casos individuales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los mecanismos cognitivos subyacentes a la sinestesia color-grafémica.
- Para determinar si las experiencias sinestésicas pueden ser controladas o suprimidas conscientemente.
- Para identificar la etapa del procesamiento de la información en la que se producen las asociaciones sinestésicas.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió a 15 individuos con sinestesia grafémica por color, observando sus consistentes asociaciones letra-color.
- Empleó un paradigma de interferencia de forma de color para evaluar la supresión consciente de experiencias sinestésicas.
- Utilizó estímulos brevemente presentados y enmascarados para investigar las limitaciones de procesamiento.
Principales resultados:
- Las experiencias de color sinestésico persistieron incluso cuando obstaculizaban el desempeño de la tarea, lo que indica una falta de control consciente.
- Cuando los estímulos (letras / dígitos) se procesaron pero no eran conscientemente reportables (brevemente presentados y enmascarados), se eliminó la sinestesia.
- Demostró que las experiencias sinestésicas pueden prevenirse a pesar del procesamiento significativo de estímulos sensoriales.
Conclusiones:
- La vinculación automática del color y la forma alfanumérica en la sinestesia ocurre después de que se completan los procesos de reconocimiento inicial.
- Las experiencias sinestésicas no son conscientemente suprimibles cuando los estímulos están completamente disponibles para el reporte.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan información sobre la base neuronal y el momento de las asociaciones sinestésicas.
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