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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 11, 2026

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation
10:31

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

Published on: June 23, 2013

Bases estructurales para la coestimulación por el complejo humano CTLA-4/B7-2.

J C Schwartz1, X Zhang, A A Fedorov

  • 1[1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, [2] These authors contributed equally to this work.

Nature
|March 30, 2001
PubMed
Resumen

La estructura de CTLA-4 (proteína citotóxica asociada a linfocitos T 4) y la interacción de B7-2 revela cómo se regulan las respuestas de las células T. Este hallazgo proporciona información sobre la modulación inmune y los posibles objetivos terapéuticos.

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Visualizing the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons at the B-cell Immune Synapse Using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy
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Visualizing the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons at the B-cell Immune Synapse Using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy

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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

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Visualizing the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons at the B-cell Immune Synapse Using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy
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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología Inmunología.
  • Biología Estructural Biología estructural.
  • La medicina molecular es una medicina molecular.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La actividad de las células T depende de las señales coestimuladoras de los receptores CD28 y CTLA-4.
  • El compromiso de CD28 estimula las células T, mientras que el compromiso de CTLA-4 atenúa la respuesta.
  • Las vías CTLA-4 y CD28 son objetivos clave para las enfermedades autoinmunes, el rechazo del injerto y la inmunoterapia contra el cáncer.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar la base estructural de la interacción de CTLA-4 y B7-2.
  • Para comprender la organización de la superficie celular de estos complejos receptor/ligando.
  • Proporcionar un modelo molecular para la regulación de la señalización de células T.

Principales métodos:

  • Se determinó la estructura cristalina de resolución de 3,2 Å del dímero humano CTLA-4 complejo con el dominio de unión al receptor B7-2 humano.

Principales resultados:

  • La estructura reveló una inusual dimerización de CTLA-4 y B7-2, con sitios de unión de ligando distales a la interfaz del dímero.
  • Se observó una disposición alterna de dímeros bivalentes CTLA-4 y B7-2, formando una red extendida.
  • Esta red sugiere un modelo de organización molecular dentro de la sinapsis inmunológica.

Conclusiones:

  • La estructura de la red CTLA-4/B7-2 proporciona un modelo para la organización periódica en la sinapsis inmunológica.
  • Esta estructura sugiere un mecanismo de señalización único para los receptores de superficie celular diméricos.
  • Comprender esta interacción es crucial para el desarrollo de inmunoterapias dirigidas.