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Relaciones de escala invariables a través de comunidades dominadas por árboles.

B J Enquist1, K J Niklas

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. benquist@u.arizona.edu

Nature
|April 5, 2001
PubMed
Resumen

Las estructuras de las comunidades forestales, como el tamaño del árbol y la biomasa, siguen leyes de escala predecibles. Estos patrones macroecológicos surgen de los principios básicos de la alometría de los organismos individuales, independientemente de su diversidad o ubicación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología Ecología Ecología.
  • Ciencias Forestales Ciencias Forestales Ciencias Forestales
  • Macroecología La macroecología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La vinculación de los rasgos de los organismos a las propiedades de los ecosistemas es crucial para comprender los patrones ecológicos.
  • La teoría alométrica explica cómo los atributos de los organismos cambian con el tamaño, pero su aplicación a la dinámica a nivel comunitario es menos explorada.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Extender la teoría alométrica para predecir la estructura de las comunidades forestales.
  • Para probar estas predicciones utilizando conjuntos de datos forestales globales, examinando las relaciones entre el tamaño del árbol, la biomasa y la densidad de población.

Principales métodos:

  • Relaciones cuantificadas entre las distribuciones de tamaño y frecuencia de los árboles, la biomasa permanente, la riqueza de especies y la densidad individual en las comunidades forestales de todo el mundo.
  • Desarrolló un modelo de simulación de la competencia de plantas individuales por los recursos (luz, espacio) y la asignación de biomasa.

Principales resultados:

  • El número de individuos se escala de manera consistente con el tamaño del árbol (diámetro del tallo basal o biomasa) en diversas comunidades forestales.
  • Esta relación de escala se mantuvo robusta a través de la diversidad de especies, la biomasa total, la latitud y el área de muestreo.

Conclusiones:

  • Los atributos de las comunidades forestales, como las distribuciones tamaño-frecuencia y la biomasa, pueden explicarse mediante principios alométricos a nivel individual.
  • Los patrones macroecológicos en las comunidades forestales pueden surgir de algunas reglas alométricas fundamentales que rigen a los organismos individuales.