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Regulación de la longevidad y la resistencia al estrés por Sch9 en levaduras
P Fabrizio1, F Pozza, S D Pletcher
1Division of Biogerontology, Andrus Gerontology Center, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 9, 2001
Resumen
Las mutaciones en los genes de la levadura, incluido SCH9 (homólogo de Akt / PKB), extienden significativamente la vida útil y mejoran la resistencia al estrés. Esto sugiere que las vías genéticas conservadas regulan la longevidad en todas las especies.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- Genética La genética.
- Investigación sobre el envejecimiento Investigación sobre el envejecimiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- La vía de la proteína quinasa Akt/proteína quinasa B (PKB) es crucial para la señalización de la insulina, la longevidad y la resistencia al estrés en los mamíferos y C. elegans.
- Comprender los mecanismos conservados del envejecimiento es vital para la salud humana.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los genes que regulan la longevidad y la resistencia al estrés en la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Investigar el papel de los genes conservados en la extensión de la vida útil.
Principales métodos:
- Detección de mutantes de larga vida en la levadura no divisoria (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
- Identificación de mutaciones en adenilato ciclasa y SCH9 (un homólogo de Akt/PKB).
- Evaluación de la necesidad de factores de transcripción resistentes al estrés (Msn2/Msn4) y de la proteína quinasa Rim15 para la extensión de la vida útil.
Principales resultados:
- Las mutaciones en adenilato ciclasa y SCH9 prolongaron la vida útil de la levadura hasta tres veces.
- Estas mutaciones también aumentaron la resistencia a los oxidantes.
- La extensión de la vida útil fue dependiente de los factores de transcripción de resistencia al estrés Msn2/Msn4 y la proteína quinasa Rim15.
Conclusiones:
- La longevidad en la levadura está vinculada a una mayor inversión en vías de mantenimiento celular.
- Los genes altamente conservados, como el SCH9, desempeñan funciones similares en la regulación de la esperanza de vida en levaduras y eucariotas superiores.
- Este estudio pone de relieve los mecanismos genéticos conservados que subyacen al envejecimiento y la resistencia al estrés.
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