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Control de la exportación de nitrógeno de las cuencas hidrográficas por las cabeceras de las corrientes de agua
B J Peterson1, W M Wollheim, P J Mulholland
1Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 9, 2001
Resumen
Las corrientes de aguas de la cabecera controlan significativamente la exportación de nutrientes a cuerpos de agua más grandes. Las corrientes más pequeñas transforman rápidamente el nitrógeno, con implicaciones para la calidad del agua y el óxido nitroso atmosférico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Hidrología Hidrología Hidrología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las corrientes de cabeceras son componentes críticos del ciclo de nutrientes de las cuencas hidrográficas.
- Comprender la dinámica del nitrógeno en estos sistemas es esencial para la gestión de la calidad del agua aguas abajo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la dinámica del nitrógeno en las corrientes de cabecera de América del Norte a través de diversos biomas.
- Cuantificar el papel de las corrientes en el procesamiento y la exportación de nutrientes.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un diseño de estudio comparativo (15) N-trazador.
- Se analizaron las tasas de absorción y transformación de nitrógeno en diversos tamaños de arroyos.
Principales resultados:
- Las corrientes más pequeñas exhibieron la eliminación más rápida de amonio y nitrato.
- El amoníaco fue removido dentro de decenas a cientos de metros; el nitrato viajó 5-10 veces más lejos.
- Se observaron altas tasas de nitrificación, lo que sugiere pequeñas corrientes como fuentes de óxido nitroso.
Conclusiones:
- Las corrientes de cabecera, especialmente las más pequeñas, juegan un papel crucial en la regulación de las cargas de nutrientes a los ríos, lagos y estuarios.
- Estas corrientes reducen significativamente la exportación de nitrógeno inorgánico disuelto durante los períodos biológicamente activos.
- La capacidad de procesamiento de las corrientes de cabeceras tiene implicaciones tanto para la salud del ecosistema acuático como para el intercambio de gases atmosféricos.
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