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Compensación retrasada por la desaparición de especies clave por la colonización.

S K Ernest¹, J H Brown

¹Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. morgan.ernest@ttu.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 9, 2001

Resumen

Los ecosistemas cambiaron cuando las ratas canguro fueron eliminadas por 20 años. Un ratón de bolsillo invasor colonizó más tarde, utilizando recursos y compensando por las especies perdidas, destacando las funciones cruciales de las especies.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología Ecología Ecología.
La Dinámica de los Ecosistemas
Interacciones de las especies Interacciones de las especies

Sus antecedentes:

Las especies individuales influyen significativamente en la estructura y función del ecosistema.
La pérdida (extinción) o adición (colonización) de especies puede alterar drásticamente los ecosistemas.
La dinámica de las comunidades de roedores en el desierto de Chihuahua se estudió durante largos períodos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los efectos a largo plazo de la eliminación de especies en la utilización de los recursos del ecosistema.
Comprender cómo otras especies responden a la pérdida de una especie clave.
Evaluar el impacto de la colonización de especies exóticas en la recuperación y estabilidad del ecosistema.

Principales métodos:

Eliminación experimental de ratas canguro de un ecosistema del desierto de Chihuahua.
Monitoreo de la composición de la comunidad de roedores y el uso de recursos durante casi dos décadas.
Observación de cambios después de la colonización por una especie de ratón de bolsillo alienígena.

Principales resultados:

Durante casi 20 años, otros roedores no compensaron la eliminación de las ratas canguro.
En 1995, una especie de ratón de bolsillo alienígena colonizó el ecosistema.
El ratón de bolsillo utilizó los recursos disponibles, compensando casi por completo la pérdida de las ratas canguro.

Conclusiones:

El estudio subraya el papel crítico de las especies individuales en el mantenimiento de la función del ecosistema.
Los eventos de colonización por nuevas especies pueden alterar rápidamente la dinámica del ecosistema y la disponibilidad de recursos.
La extinción y la colonización son factores clave de la estructura y la estabilidad del ecosistema.