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El 'pop-up' de la meseta en el gran terremoto de Assam de 1897
1CIRES & Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0399, USA. bilham@stripe.colorado.edu
Nature
|April 12, 2001
Resumen
El terremoto de Assam de 1897 fue causado por una ruptura de falla inversa empinada debajo de la meseta de Shillong, no una falla del Himalaya. Este evento causó elevaciones significativas y aceleraciones en el terreno alto, lo que afectó el riesgo sísmico regional.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El terremoto de Assam de 1897 causó una destrucción generalizada en el noreste de la India.
- Las teorías anteriores atribuían el terremoto a una falla de empuje del Himalaya que se sumerge en el norte.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el mecanismo de falla causal del terremoto de Assam de 1897.
- Para analizar la deformación y las implicaciones sísmicas del levantamiento de la meseta de Shillong.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la evidencia geológica de ruptura y elevación de fallas.
- Modelado de la dinámica de ruptura de terremotos y la propagación de ondas sísmicas.
Principales resultados:
- La meseta del norte de Shillong experimentó una violenta elevación de al menos 11 m.
- Una falla inversa enterrada y empinada, de aproximadamente 110 km de largo, fue identificada como la causa.
- El terremoto generó aceleraciones superiores a 1g verticalmente y velocidades superficiales superiores a 3 m/s.
Conclusiones:
- El terremoto de Assam fue el resultado de la ruptura de una falla que limita una estructura 'pop-up' de la corteza terrestre.
- Este evento alteró significativamente los campos de estrés locales, reduciendo el riesgo sísmico en Bután pero aumentándolo en el norte de Bangladesh.
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