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Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:16

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

In 1923, the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases was proposed by Johannes Brønsted and Thomas Lowry. According to this theory, a Brønsted acid is defined as a species that donates a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted to its conjugate base. A Brønsted base is defined as a species that accepts a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted into its conjugate acid. These transfers of protons are caused by the displacement of electrons in these reactions, which is...
Microbial Fuel Cells01:23

Microbial Fuel Cells

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices that generate electricity by exploiting the metabolic processes of electrogenic bacteria. These systems provide a renewable energy source and serve as an innovative method for treating organic waste, such as wastewater.A typical MFC consists of two chambers: an anoxic (oxygen-free) compartment that houses the bacteria and an oxic (oxygen-rich) compartment that contains oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Many MFCs use proton...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Ácidos sólidos como electrolitos de las células de combustible.

S M Haile1, D A Boysen, C R Chisholm

  • 1Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA. smhaile@caltech.edu

Nature
|April 20, 2001
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los electrolitos de ácido sólido, como el sulfato de hidrógeno de cesio, son prometedores para las pilas de combustible de alta temperatura, superando las limitaciones de las membranas poliméricas actuales. Estos materiales ofrecen transporte de protones anhidros y un rendimiento estable en condiciones de humedad.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La electroquímica es electroquímica.
  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Conversión de energía Conversión de energía.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las células de combustible de membrana de electrolito de polímero (PEMFC) están limitadas por las condiciones de funcionamiento húmedas y el funcionamiento a baja temperatura (<100 ° C).
  • Los PEMFC sufren de la permeabilidad del metanol y el hidrógeno, lo que reduce la eficiencia del combustible.
  • Los ácidos sólidos ofrecen transporte de protones anhidros y estabilidad a altas temperaturas (hasta 250°C).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la viabilidad de los ácidos sólidos como electrolitos de pila de combustible que funcionan a temperaturas elevadas.
  • Para abordar las limitaciones de la solubilidad en agua y la ductilidad de los ácidos sólidos a temperaturas más altas.
  • Para evaluar el rendimiento electroquímico y la estabilidad de una membrana de electrolito de sulfato de hidrógeno de cesio (CsHSO4).

Principales métodos:

  • Fabricación de una membrana de electrolito CsHSO4 (aprox. de 1,5 mm de espesor).
  • Prueba de una célula de combustible H2/O2 utilizando la membrana CsHSO4 a 150-160°C.
  • Evaluación de las propiedades del electrolito después de la exposición a atmósferas húmedas.

Principales resultados:

  • La célula de combustible CsHSO4 demostró un prometedor rendimiento electroquímico: voltaje de circuito abierto de 1,11 V y densidad de corriente de 44 mA cm-2.
  • Las propiedades de los ácidos sólidos no se vieron afectadas por la exposición a atmósferas húmedas.
  • La célula funcionó eficazmente a temperaturas significativamente superiores a las limitaciones de los PEMFC tradicionales.

Conclusiones:

  • Los electrolitos de ácido sólido CsHSO4 muestran potencial para aplicaciones de celdas de combustible a alta temperatura.
  • Se necesita más investigación para desarrollar técnicas de fabricación para electrolitos más delgados y evaluar la estabilidad a largo plazo, incluida la reducción de azufre.
  • Los ácidos sólidos presentan una alternativa viable para superar las limitaciones actuales en la tecnología de pilas de combustible.