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Evidencia genética de los orígenes del cercano oriente del ganado europeo
C S Troy1, D E MacHugh, J F Bailey
1Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Nature
|April 27, 2001
Resumen
El análisis genético del ADN de ganado antiguo y moderno revela que el ganado europeo se originó en el Cercano Oriente. Este estudio aclara la historia de la domesticación del ganado, rastreando su linaje hasta los orígenes del Cercano Oriente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética La genética.
- Arqueología Arqueología.
- Zoología Zoología Zoología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los orígenes de las especies domésticas europeas a menudo se encuentran al este de Europa, en Anatolia o en la Media Luna Fértil.
- El buey salvaje (Bos primigenius) tenía una amplia gama, dejando su historia de domesticación en Europa incierta.
- Este estudio investiga si la domesticación de bueyes salvajes contribuyó a la economía agrícola temprana de Europa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar el origen del ganado europeo.
- Para analizar la diversidad genética de las poblaciones de ganado moderno y extinto.
- Para entender el papel de la domesticación del buey salvaje en la agricultura europea.
Principales métodos:
- Se analizó la variación de la secuencia de la región de control del ADN mitocondrial en 392 animales existentes en Europa, África y el Cercano Oriente.
- Se compararon secuencias de cuatro bueyes salvajes británicos extintos con datos de ganado moderno.
- Se utilizaron análisis filogenéticos y de redes para estudiar los grupos de haplotipos y la diversidad.
Principales resultados:
- Las antiguas secuencias de ADN de buey salvaje formaron un grupo distinto, separado del ganado moderno.
- El ganado moderno (Bos taurus) mostró cuatro grupos principales de haplotipos, con diversidades consistentes con la historia de la domesticación.
- Un haplogrupo distinto dominó la diversidad del ganado africano, mientras que el ganado europeo se caracterizó principalmente por un haplogrupo derivado del Cercano Oriente.
Conclusiones:
- Los datos genéticos apoyan fuertemente un origen del Cercano Oriente para el ganado europeo.
- Este hallazgo aclara la historia de la domesticación y los orígenes geográficos del ganado doméstico.
- El estudio pone de relieve la importancia del ADN antiguo en el rastreo de la domesticación animal.
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