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El niobio "falto" de la Tierra puede estar en el núcleo de la Tierra

J Wade¹, B J Wood

¹Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, UK.

|May 9, 2001

Resumen

El niobio y el vanadio se comportan de manera similar durante la formación del núcleo de la Tierra. Esto sugiere que el niobio entró en el núcleo con el vanadio, negando la necesidad de depósitos de niobio en el manto profundo.

Área de la Ciencia:

La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra

Sus antecedentes:

La formación del núcleo de la Tierra implicó la segregación de las fases metálicas y silicatadas.
Los elementos moderadamente siderófilos como el vanadio se agotan en el manto de silicato, lo que sugiere una entrada en el núcleo.
Los elementos litófilos refractarios (por ejemplo, calcio, elementos de tierras raras) no se agotan, lo que indica que permanecieron en la parte de silicato.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar el comportamiento de partición del niobio (Nb) entre el metal líquido y el silicato líquido.
Para determinar si el agotamiento de Nb en la corteza y el manto superior requiere reservas profundas del manto.
Para comparar la partición de Nb con la del vanadio (V), un elemento conocido que entra en el núcleo.

Principales métodos:

Experimentos de alta presión que simulan la diferenciación entre el núcleo y el manto.
Análisis de la partición de elementos entre fundidos metálicos y silicatos.
Comparación de los coeficientes de partición del niobio y el vanadio.

Principales resultados:

El niobio y el vanadio exhiben un comportamiento de partición prácticamente idéntico entre el metal líquido y el silicato líquido a alta presión.
La partición de Nb es consistente con la de V, un elemento moderadamente siderófilo.
Los agotamientos observados de Nb en la corteza y el manto superior pueden explicarse por la partición del núcleo, no por los depósitos ocultos.

Conclusiones:

El niobio probablemente entró en el núcleo de la Tierra junto con el vanadio durante la formación planetaria.
El concepto de depósitos ricos en niobio en el manto profundo es innecesario para explicar los agotamientos observados.
Este hallazgo refina nuestra comprensión de la diferenciación química temprana de la Tierra y la distribución de los elementos.

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